#include <windows.h>
inline unsigned __int64 GetCycleCount(void)
{
_asm _emit 0x0F
_asm _emit 0x31
}
class KTimer
{
unsigned __int64 m_startcycle;
public:
unsigned __int64 m_overhead; // Clock Cycles
KTimer(void)
{
m_overhead = 0;
Start();
m_overhead = Stop();
}
// 启动CPU时钟
void Start(void)
{
m_startcycle = GetCycleCount();
}
// 停止CPU时钟, 返回自上一次启动的时钟周期数
unsigned __int64 Stop(void)
{
return GetCycleCount()-m_startcycle-m_overhead;
}
// 把以CPU周期数转为纳秒
unsigned __int64 static CyclesToNanos(unsigned __int64 time_cycles, unsigned int speed_mhz)
{
return time_cycles*1000 / speed_mhz;
}
// 把以CPU周期数转为毫秒
unsigned __int64 static CyclesToMillis(unsigned __int64 time_cycles, unsigned int speed_mhz)
{
return time_cycles / speed_mhz / 1000;
}
// 1GHz = 1000MHz
unsigned int CPUSpeedMHz()
{
Start();
Sleep(1000);
unsigned __int64 cputime = Stop();
return (unsigned int)(cputime/1000000);
}
};
// 使用
void Use()
{
KTimer kt;
unsigned int cpu_speed = kt.CPUSpeedMHz();
kt.Start();
Sleep(1234);
unsigned int elapsed_cyc = (unsigned int) kt.Stop();
char chTemp[1024];
sprintf(chTemp, "CPU Speed: %.2f Ghz. Elapsed %ld CPU Cycles ( %ld Nanosecond)n",
cpu_speed/1000.f, elapsed_cyc, KTimer::CyclesToNanos(elapsed_cyc, cpu_speed));
MessageBox(chTemp);
}
http://www.soft6.com/html/tech/13/135430.shtml
http://blog.ifeng.com/article/264170.html
对于一般的实时控制,使用GetTickCount()函数就可以满足精度要求,但要进一步提高计时精度,就要采用QueryPerformanceFrequency()函数和QueryPerformanceCounter()函数。这两个函数是VC提供的仅供Windows 9X使用的高精度时间函数,并要求计算机从硬件上支持高精度计时器。QueryPerformanceFrequency()函数和QueryPerformanceCounter()函数的原型为:
BOOL QueryPerformanceFrequency(LARGE—INTEGER *lpFrequency);
BOOL QueryPerformanceCounter(LARGE—INTEGER *lpCount) ;
数据类型LARGE—INTEGER既可以是一个作为字节长的整型数,也可以是作为两个字节长的整型数的联合结构,其具体用法根据编译器是否支持位而定。该类型的定义如下:
typedef union —LARGE—INTEGER
{
struct
{
DWORD LowPart; // 4字节整型数
LONG HighPart; // 4字节整型数
};
LONGLONG QuadPart;
// 8字节整型数
} LARGE—INTEGER;
在进行计时之前,应该先调用QueryPerformanceFrequency()函数获得机器内部计时器的时钟频率。笔者在主频为、、的三种PentiumⅡ机器上使用该函数,得到的时钟频率都是Hz。接着,笔者在需要严格计时的事件发生之前和发生之后分别调用QueryPerformanceCounter()函数,利用两次获得的计数之差和时钟频率,就可以计算出事件经历的精确时间。以下程序是用来测试函数Sleep(100)的精确持续时间。
LARGE—INTEGER litmp;
LONGLONG QPart1,QPart2;
double dfMinus, dfFreq, dfTim;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&litmp);
// 获得计数器的时钟频率
dfFreq = (double)litmp.QuadPart;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);
// 获得初始值
QPart1 = litmp.QuadPart;
Sleep(100) ;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);
// 获得终止值
QPart2 = litmp.QuadPart;
dfMinus = (double)(QPart2 -QPart1);
dfTim = dfMinus / dfFreq;
// 获得对应的时间值
执行上面程序,得到的结果为dfTim=0.097143767076216(秒)。细心的读者会发现,每次执行的结果都不一样,存在一定的差别,这是由于Sleep()自身的误差所致。