处理正则表达式的java包:regexp

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-21 18:19:42 发布

baggio785

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-21 18:19:42 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA 文章标签：正则表达式 java character newline whitespace applet

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　　虽然apache认为JakartaORO是一个更完备的正则表达式处理包，但regexp的应用也是非常广泛，大概是因为它的简单吧。下面是regexp的学习笔记。

1、下载安装

下载源码

cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.apache.org:/home/cvspublic login
password: anoncvs
cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.apache.org:/home/cvspublic checkout jakarta-regexp

或下载编译好的包

wget http://apache.linuxforum.net/dist/jakarta/regexp/binaries/jakarta-regexp-1.3.tar.gz

2、基本情况

1)Regexp是一个由100%纯java正则式处理包，是 Jonathan Locke捐给Apache软件基金会的。他最初开发这个软件是在1996年，在时间的考验面前RegExp表达非常坚挺:)。它包括完整的Javadoc文档，以及一个简单的Applet来做可视化调试和兼容性测试.

2)RE类regexp包中非常重要的一个类，它是一个高效的、轻量级的正则式计算器/匹配器的类，RE是regular expression的缩写。正则式是能够进行复杂的字符串匹配的模板，而且当一个字符串能匹配某个模板时，你可以抽取出那些匹配的部分，这在进行文本解析时非常有用。下面讨论一下正则式的语法。
　　为了编译一个正则式，你需要简单地以模板为参数构造一个RE匹配器对象来完成，然后就可调用任一个RE.match方法来对一个字符串进行匹配检查，如果匹配成功/失败，则返回真/假值。例如：

RE r = new RE("a*b");
boolean matched = r.match("aaaab");

　　RE.getParen可以取回匹配的字符序列，或者匹配的字符序列的某一部分（如果模板中有相应的括号的话），以及它们的位置、长度等属性。如：

RE r = new RE("(a*)b"); // Compile expression
boolean matched = r.match("xaaaab"); // Match against "xaaaab"

String wholeExpr = r.getParen(0); // wholeExpr will be 'aaaab'
String insideParens = r.getParen(1); // insideParens will be 'aaaa'

int startWholeExpr = r.getParenStart(0); // startWholeExpr will be index 1
int endWholeExpr = r.getParenEnd(0); // endWholeExpr will be index 6
int lenWholeExpr = r.getParenLength(0); // lenWholeExpr will be 5

int startInside = r.getParenStart(1); // startInside will be index 1
int endInside = r.getParenEnd(1); // endInside will be index 5
int lenInside = r.getParenLength(1); // lenInside will be 4

　　RE支持正则式的后向引用，如：

([0-9]+)=/1
匹配 n=n (象 0=0 or 2=2)这样的字符串

3)RE支持的正则式的语法如下：
字符

unicodeChar	Matches any identical unicode character
/	Used to quote a meta-character (like '*')
//	Matches a single '/' character
/0nnn	Matches a given octal character
/xhh	Matches a given 8-bit hexadecimal character
//uhhhh	Matches a given 16-bit hexadecimal character
/t	Matches an ASCII tab character
/n	Matches an ASCII newline character
/r	Matches an ASCII return character
/f	Matches an ASCII form feed character

字符集

[abc]	简单字符集
[a-zA-Z]	带区间的字符集
[^abc]	字符集的否定

标准POSIX 字符集

[:alnum:]	Alphanumeric characters.
[:alpha:]	Alphabetic characters.
[:blank:]	Space and tab characters.
[:cntrl:]	Control characters.
[:digit:]	Numeric characters.
[:graph:]	Characters that are printable and are also visible.(A space is printable, but not visible, while an `a' is both.)
[:lower:]	Lower-case alphabetic characters.
[:print:]	Printable characters (characters that are not control characters.)
[:punct:]	Punctuation characters (characters that are not letter,digits, control characters, or space characters).
[:space:]	Space characters (such as space, tab, and formfeed, to name a few).
[:upper:]	Upper-case alphabetic characters.
[:xdigit:]	Characters that are hexadecimal digits.

非标准的 POSIX样式的字符集

[:javastart:]	Start of a Java identifier
[:javapart:]	Part of a Java identifier

预定义的字符集

.	Matches any character other than newline
/w	Matches a "word" character (alphanumeric plus "_")
/W	Matches a non-word character
/s	Matches a whitespace character
/S	Matches a non-whitespace character
/d	Matches a digit character
/D	Matches a non-digit character

边界匹配符

^	Matches only at the beginning of a line
$	Matches only at the end of a line
/b	Matches only at a word boundary
/B	Matches only at a non-word boundary

贪婪匹配限定符

A*	Matches A 0 or more times (greedy)
A+	Matches A 1 or more times (greedy)
A?	Matches A 1 or 0 times (greedy)
A{n}	Matches A exactly n times (greedy)
A{n,}	Matches A at least n times (greedy)

非贪婪匹配限定符

A*?	Matches A 0 or more times (reluctant)
A+?	Matches A 1 or more times (reluctant)
A??	Matches A 0 or 1 times (reluctant)

逻辑运算符

AB	Matches A followed by B
A\|B	Matches either A or B
(A)	Used for subexpression grouping
(?:A)	Used for subexpression clustering (just like grouping but no backrefs)

后向引用符

/1	Backreference to 1st parenthesized subexpression
/2	Backreference to 2nd parenthesized subexpression
/3	Backreference to 3rd parenthesized subexpression
/4	Backreference to 4th parenthesized subexpression
/5	Backreference to 5th parenthesized subexpression
/6	Backreference to 6th parenthesized subexpression
/7	Backreference to 7th parenthesized subexpression
/8	Backreference to 8th parenthesized subexpression
/9	Backreference to 9th parenthesized subexpression

RE运行的程序先经过RECompiler类的编译. 由于效率的原因，RE匹配器没有包括正则式的编译类. 实际上，如果要预编译1个或多个正则式，可以通过命令行运行'recompile'类,如

java org.apache.regexp.recompile a*b

则产生类似下面的编译输出（最后一行不是）：

// Pre-compiled regular expression "a*b"
char[] re1Instructions =
{
0x007c, 0x0000, 0x001a, 0x007c, 0x0000, 0x000d, 0x0041,
0x0001, 0x0004, 0x0061, 0x007c, 0x0000, 0x0003, 0x0047,
0x0000, 0xfff6, 0x007c, 0x0000, 0x0003, 0x004e, 0x0000,
0x0003, 0x0041, 0x0001, 0x0004, 0x0062, 0x0045, 0x0000,
0x0000,
};
REProgram re1 = new REProgram(re1Instructions);
RE r = new RE(re1);

　　通过利用预编译的req来构建RE匹配器对象，可以避免运行时进行编译的成本。如果需要动态的构造正则式，则可以创建单独一个RECompiler对象，并利用它来编译每个正则式。注意，RE 和 RECompiler 都不是threadsafe的（出于效率的原因）, 因此当多线程运行时，你需要为每个线程分别创建编译器和匹配器。