javascript实现的base64编码解码

注意：因为Javascript内部的字符串，都以utf-16的形式进行保存，

因此编码的时候，我们首先必须将utf-8的值转成utf-16再编码，解码的时候，则是解码后还需要将utf-16的值转回成utf-8。

var base64encodechars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
var base64decodechars = new Array(
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1);

function base64encode(str) {
	var out, i, len;
	var c1, c2, c3;
	len = str.length;
	i = 0;
	out = "";
	while (i < len) {
		c1 = str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff;
		if (i == len) {
			out += base64encodechars.charAt(c1 >> 2);
			out += base64encodechars.charAt((c1 & 0x3) << 4);
			out += "==";
			break;
		}
		c2 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
		if (i == len) {
			out += base64encodechars.charAt(c1 >> 2);
			out += base64encodechars.charAt(((c1 & 0x3) << 4) | ((c2 & 0xf0) >> 4));
			out += base64encodechars.charAt((c2 & 0xf) << 2);
			out += "=";
			break;
		}
		c3 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
		out += base64encodechars.charAt(c1 >> 2);
		out += base64encodechars.charAt(((c1 & 0x3) << 4) | ((c2 & 0xf0) >> 4));
		out += base64encodechars.charAt(((c2 & 0xf) << 2) | ((c3 & 0xc0) >> 6));
		out += base64encodechars.charAt(c3 & 0x3f);
	}
	return out;
}

function base64decode(str) {
	var c1, c2, c3, c4;
	var i, len, out;

	len = str.length;

	i = 0;
	out = "";
	while (i < len) {

		do {
			c1 = base64decodechars[str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff];
		} while (i < len && c1 == -1);
		if (c1 == -1)
		break;

		do {
			c2 = base64decodechars[str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff];
		} while (i < len && c2 == -1);
		if (c2 == -1)
		break;

		out += String.fromCharCode((c1 << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4));

		do {
			c3 = str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff;
			if (c3 == 61)
			return out;
			c3 = base64decodechars[c3];
		} while (i < len && c3 == -1);
		if (c3 == -1)
		break;

		out += String.fromCharCode(((c2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3c) >> 2));

		do {
			c4 = str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff;
			if (c4 == 61)
			return out;
			c4 = base64decodechars[c4];
		} while (i < len && c4 == -1);
		if (c4 == -1)
		break;
		out += String.fromCharCode(((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | c4);
	}
	return out;
}

function utf16to8(str) {
	var out, i, len, c;
	out = "";
	len = str.length;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		c = str.charCodeAt(i);
		if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007f)) {
			out += str.charAt(i);
		} else if (c > 0x07ff) {
			out += String.fromCharCode(0xe0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0f));
			out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3f));
			out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3f));
		} else {
			out += String.fromCharCode(0xc0 | ((c >> 6) & 0x1f));
			out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3f));
		}
	}
	return out;
}

function utf8to16(str) {
	var out, i, len, c;
	var char2, char3;

	out = "";
	len = str.length;
	i = 0;
	while (i < len) {
		c = str.charCodeAt(i++);
		switch (c >> 4) {
			case 0: case 1: case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7:
			// 0xxxxxxx
			out += str.charAt(i - 1);
			break;
			case 12: case 13:
			// 110x xxxx   10xx xxxx
			char2 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
			out += String.fromCharCode(((c & 0x1f) << 6) | (char2 & 0x3f));
			break;
			case 14:
			// 1110 xxxx  10xx xxxx  10xx xxxx
			char2 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
			char3 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
			out += String.fromCharCode(((c & 0x0f) << 12) |
			((char2 & 0x3f) << 6) |
			((char3 & 0x3f) << 0));
			break;
		}
	}

	return out;
}