node 提供文件下载接口，前端项目调用

node 项目

// 依赖string-to-file-stream 包，字符串生成文件流
const string2fileStream = require('string-to-file-stream');

    /**
     * Post 请求 下载图标
     * 
     * */
    @Post('/api/downloadSvg')
    async downloadSvg(req, res) {
      const id = req.body.id;
      try {
        // 数据库中读取图标
        const searchResult = await SvgFileProcess.find({_id: ObjectID(id)})
        if (searchResult.length > 0) {
            // 设置请求返回头
          res.set({
            'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
            'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename=' + searchResult[0]['file_name'],
          })
          // 返回文件流
          string2fileStream(searchResult[0]['show_svg']).pipe(res)
        }
      } catch(err) {
        console.log('获取当前用户上传图标错误', err)
        res.send({
          code: -1,
          data: [],
          msg: '获取当前用户上传图标错误'
        })
      }
    }

前端项目

    // 采用axios发送请求
    axios.post('/api/downloadSvg', {id}, {
      responseType: 'blob'
    }).then((res) => {
      console.log('res', res);
      const blob = res.data;
      const reader = new FileReader();
      reader.readAsDataURL(blob);
      reader.onload = (e) => {
        const a = document.createElement('a');
        a.download = fileName;
        // 后端设置的文件名称在res.headers的 "content-disposition": "form-data; name=\"attachment\"; filename=\"20181211191944.zip\"",
        a.href = e.target.result;
        document.body.appendChild(a);
        a.click();
        document.body.removeChild(a);
      };
    }).catch((err) => {
      console.log(err.message);
    });
    
    // 采用fetch 发送请求
        fetch(`/api/downloadSvg`, {
      method: 'POST',
      body: JSON.stringify({
        id
      }),
      headers: {
        'content-type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
      }
    }).then(res => res.blob().then(blob => {
      console.log(res)
      var a = document.createElement('a');
      var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); 
      a.href = url;
      a.download = fileName;
      a.click();
      window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
  }))

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/cbd0d1129b89