外刊学习:再见,贝聿铭:最后的现代主义建筑大师离世

今日导读

2019 年 5 月 16 日,华裔建筑大师贝聿铭去世,享年 102 岁。他的作品遍布全球,其中包括法国的卢浮宫玻璃金字塔、中国的苏州博物馆新馆、中国香港的中银大厦和美国的华盛顿国家艺术馆东馆等等,他为建筑设计奉献了一生。他曾说过:“我喜欢在不同的地方盖建筑,我的建筑遍布各地,那是我特意选择的,因为我喜欢这么做,喜欢了解一个新地方。”今天,让我们跟着雪梨老师,一起来看看 CNN 是如何回顾贝聿铭的一生的。

新闻原文

I.M. Pei, acclaimed architect who designed the Louvre’s pyramid, dead at 102
 CNN

I.M. Pei, who was revered as one of the last great modernist architects, has died, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners confirmed. He was 102 years old.

Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s. He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main courtyard, along with three smaller pyramids and a vast subterranean addition to the museum entrance.

Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed. But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over.

Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, Pei was cited as giving the 20th century “some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms … His versatility and skill in the use of materials approach the level of poetry.”

His East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington in 1978 altered people’s perceptions of a museum. The site was an odd trapezoid shape. Pei’s solution was to cut it in two. The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant — one of the first crowd-pleasing cathedrals of modern art.

In person, I.M. Pei was dapper, good-humored, charming and unusually modest. His working process was evolutionary, but innovation was never a conscious goal.

"Stylistic originality is not my purpose, " he said. “I want to find the originality in the time, the place and the problem.”

带着问题听讲解

作者用了哪几个表示“赞美”、“推崇”的词?

文中的“approach”是什么意思?

贝聿铭是如何评价自己的建筑风格的?

新闻正文

I.M. Pei, acclaimedarchitect who designed the Louvre’s pyramid, dead at 102

卢浮宫金字塔建造者——享誉世界的建筑大师贝聿铭逝世,享年 102 岁

I.M. Pei, who was revered as one of the last great modernist architects, has died, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners confirmed. He was 102 years old.

经(纽约)贝·考伯·弗里德及合伙人建筑师事务所证实,贝聿铭已与世长辞,享年 102 岁。他在世时,曾被誉为“最后的现代主义建筑大师之一”。

Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s. He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main courtyard, along with three smaller pyramids and a vast subterraneanaddition to the museum entrance.

尽管贝聿铭大部分时间都在美国工作,但他却将因在欧洲完成的一个建筑项目而被世人永远铭记:20 世纪 80 年代,贝聿铭对巴黎卢浮宫进行了改建。他用玻璃和金属在卢浮宫的主庭院里建起了一个金字塔,周围还环绕着三个较小的金字塔,以及一个巨大的地下附加结构通向博物馆的入口。

Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed. But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over.

贝聿铭是卢浮宫悠久历史上的第一位外国建筑师,最初他的设计遭到强烈反对。但最终,法国人,以及全世界,都被(他的精妙设计所)折服。

Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, Pei was cited as giving the 20th century “some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms … His versatility and skill in the use of materials approach the level of poetry.”

贝聿铭于 1983 年获得普利兹克建筑奖,他被赞誉营造了一些二十世纪“最美的室内空间和建筑外观…他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界。”

His East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington in 1978 altered people’s perceptions of a museum. The site was an odd trapezoid shape. Pei’s solution was to cut it in two. The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant — one of the first crowd-pleasing cathedrals of modern art.

他在 1978 年建成了华盛顿国家美术馆东馆,这座建筑改变了人们对于博物馆的认知。建筑工地的形状是一个不寻常的梯形,贝聿铭的解决方案是把它一分为二。最终落成的建筑令人印象深刻、明亮且优雅,成为最早一批迎合大众的现代艺术“教堂”式建筑之一。

In person, I.M. Pei was dapper, good-humored, charming and unusually modest. His working process was evolutionary, but innovation was never a conscious goal.

贝聿铭本人衣着考究、待人温和、富有魅力,而且为人极其谦逊。他的工作过程是循序渐进的,但也从不刻意去革新。

“Stylistic originality is not my purpose,” he said. “I want to find the originality in the time, the place and the problem.”

他说:“形式风格创新不是我的目的。我希望在时间、地点和问题上找到原创性。”

重点词汇

acclaimed
/əˈkleɪmd/
adj. 被公开赞誉的
相关词汇:acclaim(v. 公开称赞)
acclaim 例句:He is acclaimed as the greatest science fiction writer of his generation.

revere
/rɪˈvɪr/
v. 崇敬
英文释义:to respect someone so deeply that you almost worship them
例句:Many Americans revere Martin Luther King.
例句:Many South Africans revere Nelson Mandela.

courtyard
/ˈkɔːrtjɑːrd/
n. (通常为城堡、大建筑的)露天庭院,广场
词义辨析
court, yard
court 指建筑里封闭的庭院,本身还有法庭之意;yard 多指建筑附近小片区域的院子,比如小花园

subterranean
/ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/
adj. 地下的
词根词缀:sub-(下面的)
sub- 派生词:subtitle
词根词缀:terr(土地)
terr 派生词:the Mediterranean(n. 地中海)
搭配短语:a subterranean river

addition
/əˈdɪʃn/
n.(建筑的)扩建部分
英文释义:a new part added to a house or other building

win over
说服(某人)
英文释义:to persuade someone to support you or agree with you, often when they were opposed to you before
搭配短语:win over sb./win sb. over
搭配短语:win over the undecided voters

versatility
/ˌvɜːrsəˈtɪləti/
n. 多才多艺
相关词汇:versatile

approach
/əˈproʊtʃ/
v. 接近
英文释义:comes near to

trapezoid
/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/
n. 不规则四边形(英式英语);梯形(美式英语)

crowd-pleasing
/ˈkraʊd pliːzɪŋ/
adj. 大受欢迎的;备受青睐的
搭配短语:a crowd-pleasing comedy

dapper
/ˈdæpər/
adj.(男子)穿着考究的,衣冠楚楚

good-humored
/ˌɡʊd ˈhjuːmərd/
adj. 脾气好的
相关词汇:light-hearted(adj. 无忧无虑的)
相关词汇:bad-tempered(adj.脾气暴躁的)
近义词:good-natured

evolutionary
/ˌevəˈluːʃəneri/
adj. 进化的;演变的,逐步发展的
相关词汇:evolution
词义辨析:revolutionary(adj. 革命性的;剧烈变化的)
例句:Modern architecture needed to be part of an evolutionary, not a revolutionary, process.

originality
/əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti/
n. 独创性,创造性
相关词汇:original

拓展阅读

贝聿铭的一生

贝聿铭 1917 年 4 月 26 日出生于中国广州,家里是名门望族,父亲贝祖贻曾经是当时中央银行总裁。他童年曾在上海、香港、苏州等城市生活。

1935 年,贝聿铭前往美国,先后在宾夕法尼亚大学和麻省理工大学攻读建筑学本科学位,之后他又前往哈佛大学,并获得建筑硕士的学位。在哈佛大学,当时在建筑思想上更为创新活跃的高等学府里,贝聿铭学到了光线对于建筑的重要性,并且对于现代主义的实用和简约有了更深层次的理解。在求学的过程中,他还遇到了之后成为他妻子的女留学生卢爱玲。

1946 年,贝聿铭从哈佛大学毕业,因为家庭和生活所需,贝聿铭选择接受纽约地产大亨威廉·齐肯多夫(William Zechendorf)的工作邀约,担任从事房屋建筑师。这一阶段,他的设计比较平庸,并不出彩,这让贝聿铭对自己的职业生涯展开了新的思考。虽然威廉·齐肯多夫对他的工作非常满意,但是贝聿铭还是辞掉了工作,并成立了自己的事务所。

1955 年,贝聿铭和合伙人成立了“贝聿铭及合伙人建筑师事务所”(I.M.Pei & Associates),随后经多次更名,成为了现在的“贝·考伯·弗里德及合伙人建筑师事务所”(Pei Cobb Freed & Partners)。

1968年,贝聿铭及合伙人亨利·柯布(Henry N. Cobb)参与设计了位于美国波士顿的汉考克大厦(John Hancock Tower)。当时,该建筑大规模采用了玻璃幕墙,但由于当时的技术还不够成熟,建成初期曾经出现过玻璃脱落的事故,这差点毁掉贝聿铭的事务所。

1979 年,贝聿铭开始着手设计位于北京的香山饭店,这是外籍设计师在中国开展的的首个产品。根据贝聿铭的思考,这座饭店的设计必须体现中国建筑艺术的精髓。因此,他采用传统的园林风格和现代风格相结合的方式,主体后是曲径通幽的中式园林,放到现在来看也不落伍。

让贝聿铭闻名于世的是法国卢浮宫的金字塔。贝聿铭曾说,“如果有一件事我知道我没有做错,那就是卢浮宫”。1984 年,时任法国总统弗朗索瓦·密特朗(François Mitterrand)亲自邀请贝聿铭来对这座曾经的法国王宫进行改建。然而,贝聿铭将其设计成金字塔造型的方案一经公布便引发轩然大波,很多人觉得如果按照这样全玻璃的设计的话,整个王宫拥有几百年历史的整体古建筑风格会遭到破坏。但是,贝聿铭力排众议,将他的方案落地。建成之后,人们发现,透过玻璃可以看到古典主义的老卢浮宫墙面和巴黎漂亮的天空,地下展厅也因为日光而变得更加明亮。贝聿铭认为,玻璃金字塔是一个象征性的入口,它寓意着连接现代与古代。

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