字典用来储存(键, 值)对,这和Java中的Map差不多。你可以这样使用它:
d = {'cat': 'cute', 'dog': 'furry'} # Create a new dictionary with some data
print d['cat'] # Get an entry from a dictionary; prints "cute"
print 'cat' in d # Check if a dictionary has a given key; prints "True"
d['fish'] = 'wet' # Set an entry in a dictionary
print d['fish'] # Prints "wet"
# print d['monkey'] # KeyError: 'monkey' not a key of d
print d.get('monkey', 'N/A') # Get an element with a default; prints "N/A"
print d.get('fish', 'N/A') # Get an element with a default; prints "wet"
del d['fish'] # Remove an element from a dictionary
print d.get('fish', 'N/A') # "fish" is no longer a key; prints "N/A"
想要知道字典的其他特性,请查阅文档。
循环Loops:在字典中,用键来迭代更加容易。
d = {'person': 2, 'cat': 4, 'spider': 8}
for animal in d:
legs = d[animal]
print 'A %s has %d legs' % (animal, legs)
Prints "A person has 2 legs", "A spider has 8 legs", "A cat has 4 legs"
如果你想要访问键和对应的值,那就使用iteritems方法:
d = {'person': 2, 'cat': 4, 'spider': 8}
for animal, legs in d.iteritems():
print 'A %s has %d legs' % (animal, legs)
# Prints "A person has 2 legs", "A spider has 8 legs", "A cat has 4 legs"
字典推导Dictionary comprehensions:和列表推导类似,但是允许你方便地构建字典。
nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
even_num_to_square = {x: x ** 2 for x in nums if x % 2 == 0}
print even_num_to_square # Prints "{0: 0, 2: 4, 4: 16}"