响应式开发初探。基于ProjectReactor的响应式服务

前言

响应式编程与传统BIO

传统的 BIO，是线程将数据写入 Connection 之后，当前线程进入 Block 状态，直到响应返回，之后接着做响应返回后的动作。NIO 则是线程将数据写入 Connection 之后，将响应返回后需要做的事情以及参数缓存到一个地方之后，直接返回。在有响应返回后，NIO 的 Selector 的 Read 事件会是 Ready 状态，扫描 Selector 事件的线程，会告诉你的线程池数据好了，然后线程池中的某个线程，拿出刚刚缓存的要做的事情还有参数，继续处理。

响应式编程DEMO

既然是基于响应式的NIO，那么数据库一定也得是NIO的，该例子采用mongodb。
目前支持响应式的数据库有

• mongodb
• postgresql
• h2
• mysql(这个目前尚未release)

引入依赖

响应式的Mongodb客户端

       <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb-reactive</artifactId>
        </dependency>

响应式Web支持

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>

完整的pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.rxdemo</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>test</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb-reactive</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
            <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

编写entity

package com.rxdemo.test.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;

@Document("user")
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    @Id
    private String id;

    private String name;
}

编写controller

package com.rxdemo.test.controller;

import com.rxdemo.test.entity.User;
import com.rxdemo.test.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/v1/user")
    public Flux<User> getUserList() {
        return userService.findUserList();
    }

}

Flux

Flux 指的是0或多个元素的流

Mono

Mono指的是0或1个元素的流

编写Repository

package com.rxdemo.test.repository;

import com.rxdemo.test.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.ReactiveMongoRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends ReactiveMongoRepository<User, String> {
}

编写service

package com.rxdemo.test.service;

import com.rxdemo.test.entity.User;
import com.rxdemo.test.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    public Flux<User> findUserList() {
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }

}

运行测试

后记

当然这只是一个很简单的例子，后续会继续分析R2DBC、reactor-netty以及响应式中各种的操作符的应用。