Spring5学习（二）-spring projects之Spring Data

Spring Data

Spring Data’s mission（任务, 使命） is to provide a familiar（熟悉的） and consistent（一致的）, Spring-based programming model for data access while still retaining（保留，保持） the special traits（人的个性，显著的特点，特征） of the underlying（底层的） data store.

It makes it easy to use data access technologies, relational and non-relational databases, map-reduce frameworks, and cloud-based data services. This is an umbrella project which contains many subprojects that are specific to a given database. The projects are developed by working together with many of the companies and developers that are behind these exciting technologies.

Features

• Powerful repository and custom object-mapping（对象映射） abstractions
• Dynamic query derivation（引出，导出） from repository method names
• Implementation domain（域） base classes providing basic properties
• Support for transparent（透明的;清澈的;易识破的;显而易见的） auditing （审计）(created, last changed)
• Possibility to integrate（整合） custom repository code
• Easy Spring integration via JavaConfig and custom XML namespaces
• Advanced（先进的;高等的，高深的） integration with Spring MVC controllers
• Experimental（实验的;根据实验的;试验性的） support for cross-store persistence（持久化）

Main modules

• Spring Data Commons - Core Spring concepts（概念） underpinning（基础材料;基础结构） every Spring Data project.
• Spring Data Gemfire - Provides easy configuration and access to GemFire from Spring applications.
• Spring Data JPA - Makes it easy to implement JPA-based repositories.
• Spring Data KeyValue - Map-based repositories and SPIs to easily build a Spring Data module for key-value stores.
• Spring Data LDAP - Provides Spring Data repository support for Spring LDAP.
• Spring Data MongoDB - Spring based, object-document support and repositories for MongoDB.
• Spring Data REST - Exports Spring Data repositories as hypermedia-driven（超媒体驱动） RESTful resources.
• Spring Data Redis - Provides easy configuration and access to Redis from Spring applications.
• Spring Data for Apache Cassandra - Spring Data module for Apache Cassandra.
• Spring Data for Apache Solr - Spring Data module for Apache Solr（开源的搜索服务器，参考百度百科）.

Community（社区的） modules

• Spring Data Aerospike - Spring Data module for Aerospike（是一个以分布式为核心基础，可基于行随机存取内存中索引、数据或SSD存储中数据的数据库，参考：csdn blogs）.
• Spring Data Couchbase - Spring Data module for Couchbase（一个具有高性能、可扩展性和可 用性强的数据库引擎，参考：blogs  segmentfault）.
• Spring Data DynamoDB - Spring Data module for DynamoDB（被设计成用来托管的NoSQL数据库服务、可预期的性能、可实现无缝扩展性和可靠性等核心问题，参考：百度百科）.
• Spring Data Elasticsearch - Spring Data module for Elasticsearch（ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器，参考：百度百科）.
• Spring Data Hazelcast - Provides Spring Data repository support for Hazelcast（Hazelcast是一个基于Java的开源内存数据网格，参考：Wikipedia）.
• Spring Data Jest - Spring Data for Elasticsearch based on the Jest REST client（jest是一款java Rest client，它支持SSL、proxy等等，来自：cnblogs）.
• Spring Data Neo4j - Spring based, object-graph（对象图） support and repositories for Neo4j（Neo4j是一个高性能的,NOSQL图形数据库，它将结构化数据存储在网络上而不是表中，参考：百度百科）.
• Spring Data Vault - Vault repositories built on top of Spring Data KeyValue.

Related（相关的） modules

• Spring Data JDBC Extensions - Provides extensions to the JDBC support provided in the Spring Framework.
• Spring for Apache Hadoop - Simplifies Apache Hadoop by providing a unified（统一） configuration model and easy to use APIs for using HDFS, MapReduce, Pig, and Hive.
• Spring Content - Associate content with your Spring Data Entities and store it in a number of different stores including the File-system, S3, Database or Mongo’s GridFS.

Release train

Spring Data is an umbrella project consisting of independent projects with, in principle, different release cadences（不同的发行节奏）. To manage the portfolio（文件夹）, a BOM (Bill of Materials - see this example) is published with a curated set of（一个策划组） dependencies on the individual project. The release trains have names, not versions, to avoid confusion with the sub-projects.

The names are an alphabetic sequence（字母顺序） (so you can sort them chronologically) with names of famous computer scientists and software developers. When point releases of the individual projects accumulate to（积累） a critical mass, or if there is a critical bug（一个关键的错误） in one of them that needs to be available to everyone, the release train will push out “service releases” with names ending “-SRX”, where “X” is a number.

Currently the release train contains the following modules:

• Spring Data Commons
• Spring Data JPA
• Spring Data KeyValue
• Spring Data LDAP
• Spring Data MongoDB
• Spring Data Gemfire
• Spring Data for Apache Geode
• Spring Data REST
• Spring Data Redis
• Spring Data for Apache Cassandra
• Spring Data for Apache Solr
• Spring Data Couchbase (community module)
• Spring Data Elasticsearch (community module)
• Spring Data Neo4j (community module)

Quick Start

For a quick taste（尝，品尝）, look at the following domain object:

@Entity
public class Employee {

  private @Id @GeneratedValue Long id;
  private String firstName, lastName, description;

  private Employee() {}

  public Employee(String firstName, String lastName, String description) {
    this.firstName = firstName;
    this.lastName = lastName;
    this.description = description;
  }
}

This defines a simple JPA entity with a few fields. The following code shows a simple repository definition:

public interface EmployeeRepository extends CrudRepository<Employee, Long> {

  Employee findByFirstName(String firstName);

  List<Employee> findByLastName(String lastName);
}

This interface extends Spring Data’s CrudRepository and defines the type (Employee) and the id type (Long). Put this code inside a Spring Boot application with spring-boot-starter-data-jpa like this:

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApp {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(MyApp.class, args);
  }
}

Launch your app and Spring Data (having been autoconfigured by Boot, SQL or NoSQL) will automatically craft a concrete set of operations:

• save(Employee)
• delete(Employee)
• find(Employee)
• find(Long)
• findAll()

On top of the CRUD operations inherited from CrudRepository, the interface defines two query methods.

• findByFirstName(…) automatically writes a JPA query based on firstName and only return the first employee found.
• findByLastName(…) automatically writes a JPA query based on lastName and returns a collection.

Spring Boot starters

If you are using Spring Boot, you will inherit（继承） predefined versions for each project. To plugin a newer or older release train, configure the spring-data-releasetrain.version property to the release train iteration（迭代） name you want to use.

Spring Boot provides so called started POMs for a variety of SPring Data modules which pull in a curated set of dependencies you’ll need to use the individual modules. For details on that see the Spring Boot reference documentation.

说明：

1. MapReduce：MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel（并行）, distributed algorithm on a cluster。（来自：wikipedia）

2. GemFire： Pivotal GemFire is the distributed, in-memory database for developers who are building the highest scaling（定标;缩放比例） and performing data-centric apps in the world.（来自：官网 csdn blogs）

3. JPA：The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a Java application programming interface specification that describes the management of relational data in applications using Java Platform, Standard Edition and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.（Java持久性API（Java Persistence API，JPA）是一种Java应用程序编程接口规范，它描述了在使用Java平台标准版和Java平台企业版的应用程序中管理关系数据。）（来自：wikipedia）

4. SPIs：没找到

5. LDAP：轻量级目录访问协议，The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP; /ˈɛldæp/) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network （来自：Wikipedia）

6. MongoDB：MongoDB (from humongous) is a free and open-source cross-platform document-oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database program, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents with schemas.（MongoDB（来自humongous）是一个免费且开源的跨平台的面向文档的数据库程序。分类为NoSQL数据库程序，MongoDB使用类似JSON的文档和模式。）（来自：Wikipedia）

7. RESTful：Representational（具有代表性的） state transfer (REST) or RESTful web services are a way of providing interoperability（互用性，协同工作的能力） between computer systems on the Internet. REST-compliant（兼容） Web services allow requesting systems to access and manipulate textual representations（操纵文本表示） of Web resources using a uniform（规格一致的） and predefined（预定义的） set of stateless（无状态） operations. Other forms of Web services exist, which expose（暴露） their own arbitrary（任意的） sets of operations such as WSDL（网络服务描述语言是Web Service的描述语言，它包含一系列描述某个web service的定义，来自：百度百科） and SOAP（简单对象访问协议，来自：百度百科）.(来自：wikipedia)

8. Cassandra：开源分布式NoSQL数据库系统，参看之前笔记，或官网，或百度百科

9. Apache Hadoop：Apache Hadoop是一套用于在由通用硬件构建的大型集群上运行应用程序的框架。它实现了Map/Reduce编程范型，计算任务会被分割成小块（多次）运行在不同的节点上。除此之外，它还提供了一款分布式文件系统（HDFS），数据被存储在计算节点上以提供极高的跨数据中心聚合带宽。（来自：百度百科）

10. Pig&Hive：（参考：csdn）

11. S3：Database Backup Amazon S3 to create Database Backup & Restore Database Backup easy. Database Backups can be uploaded to Amazon S3 Cloud to store database backup on safe place – Amazon S3 Cloud （来自：workpress 文档）

12. GridFS：GridFS是一种将大型文件存储在MongoDB的文件规范。所有官方支持的驱动均实现了GridFS规范。（来自：百度百科）