Selenium2-Web自动化测试学习

1、用WebDriver打开FireFox的一个网址

package com.learningselenium.simplewebdriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;                                            //导入Selenium库
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;           //导入FirefoxDriver库
public class testFirefoxDriver
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
  WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();                             //启动FirefoxDriver
  driver.get("http://www.baidu.com");                                //在Firefox中打开百度主页
  String url=driver.getCurrentUrl();                                     //获取当前页面的URL地址，并存储于url中
  System.out.println(url);                                                      //将地址打印出来
  driver.close();                                                                     //关闭浏览器
     }
}

2、操作系统浏览器最大化---junit结构

package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver ;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class testMaxmizeBrowser{
 WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();                             //启动FirefoxDriver
 @Before

public void setUp() throws Exception{
  driver.get(http://www.baidu.com/);

@Test

public void testMamizeBrower() throws Exception{

driver.manage().window().maxmize();                          //浏览器窗口最大化

}

@After

public void tearDown() throws Exception{

      driver.quit();                                                                  //关闭浏览器

    }

}

3、浏览器前进和后退

package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class testNavigate{
public static void main(String...args){
 WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();//启动FirefoxDriver
 driver.get("http://www.baidu.com");
 system.out.println("Go to url:"+driver.getCurrentUrl);
 driver.navigate().to("http://www.cnblogs.com");        //打开测试页面，P.S.navigate方法会产生1个Navigator对象，其封装了与导航相关的一些方法，比如前进后退等
 system.out.println("Navigate to url:"+driver.getCurrentUrl());
 driver.navigate().refresh();
 driver.navigate().back();
 system.out.println("Back to url:"+driver.getCurrentUrl());
 driver.navigate().forward();
 system.out.println("Forward to url:"+driver.getCurrentUrl());
 driver.quit();
 }
 }

4、页面元素定位

Webdriver提供下面两种方法来定位页面元素，参数是By对像，最常用是By.id和By.name查找。

• findElement　　 定位某个元素，如果没有找到元素会抛出异常:NoSuchElementException
• findElements     定位一组元素

 例如需要定位如下元素：

　　<input class="input_class" type="text" name="passwd" id="passwd-id" /> 

• By.id：

　　　　　　WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));

• By.name：

　　　　　　WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("passwd"));

• By.xpath：

　　　　　　WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='passwd-id']")); 

• By.className

　　　　　　WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("input_class"));

• By.cssSelector

　　　　　　WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".input_class"));

• By.linkText:

　　　　　　//通俗点就是精确查询

　　　　　　WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
　　　　　　driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/");
　　　　　　WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("百科"));

• By.partialLinkText：

　　　　　　//这个方法就是模糊查询
　　　　　　WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
　　　　　　driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/");
　　　　　　WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("hao"));

• By.tagName:

　　　　　　WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
　　　　　　driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/");
　　　　　　String test= driver.findElement(By.tagName("form")).getAttribute("name");
　　　　　　System.out.println(test); 

5、对页面元素进行操作

5.1输入框（text field or textarea）

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));

• element.sendKeys(“test”);                       //在输入框中输入内容：
• element.clear();　　　　                           //将输入框清空
• element.getText();　　                              //获取输入框的文本内容

5.2下拉选择框(Select)

Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("select")));  

• select.selectByVisibleText(“A”);
• select.selectByValue(“1”); 
• select.deselectAll();
• select.deselectByValue(“1”);
• select.deselectByVisibleText(“A”);
• select.getAllSelectedOptions();
• select.getFirstSelectedOption(); 

5.3单选项Radio Button

package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

public class testRadioButton{
 //WebDriver driver=new FierfoxDriver();
 WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();                                  //启动FirefoxDriver
 @Before
 public void setUp() throws Exception{
  driver.get("file:///F:/2015%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%8830/qhr.html");
 }
 @Test
 public void dd() throws Exception{
  WebElement femaleRadioButton= driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[2]"));
  if(!femaleRadioButton.isSelected()){                              //判断某个单选项是否已经被选择
   femaleRadioButton.click();                                              //选择某个单选项
  }
  assertTrue(femaleRadioButton.isSelected());
 }
 @After
 public void tearDown()throws Exception{
  driver.quit();
 }
}

• radio.clear();　　　　                                                    //清空某个单选项

  5.4多选项checkbox

  package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

  import org.junit.After;
  import org.junit.Before;
  import org.junit.Test;
  import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

  public class testCheckbox {
   WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

   @Before
   public void setUp() throws Exception{
    driver.get("file:///F:/2015%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%8830/%E5%A4%9A%E9%80%89%E6%8C%89%E9%92%AE.html");
   }
   @Test
   public void testCheckbox() throws Exception{
    WebElement bikeCheckbox=
      driver.findElement(
        By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[1]"));
    if(!bikeCheckbox.isSelected()){
     bikeCheckbox.click();
    }
    assertTrue(bikeCheckbox.isSelected());
    WebElement carCheckbox=
      driver.findElement(
        By.cssSelector("input[value='car']"));
    if(!carCheckbox.isSelected()){
     carCheckbox.click();
    }
    assertTrue(carCheckbox.isSelected());
   }
   @After
   public void tearDown()throws Exception{
    driver.quit();
    }
   }

  • checkbox.click();
  • checkbox.clear();
  • checkbox.isSelected();
  • checkbox.isEnabled();

  5.5按钮button

  WebElement btn= driver.findElement(By.id("save"));

  • btn.click();　　　　　                       //点击按钮
  • btn.isEnabled ();　　                      //判断按钮是否enable

  5.6弹出框

  package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

  import org.junit.After;
  import org.junit.Before;
  import org.junit.Test;
  import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
  import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;

  public class testDialogs {
   WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
   @Before
   public void setUp() throws Exception{
    driver.get("file:///F:/2015%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%8830/%E5%A4%9A%E9%80%89%E6%8C%89%E9%92%AE.html");
   }
   @Test
   public void testAlertDialog() throws Exception{                                  //警告框
    WebElement alertButton=
      driver.findElement(
        By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[1]"));
    alertButton.click();
    Alert javascriptAlert=driver.switchTo().alert();
    system.out.println(javascriptAlert.getText());
    javascriptAlert.accept();
   }
   @Test
   public void testPromptDialog() throws Exception{                              //提示框
    WebElement promptButton=
      driver.findElement(
        By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[1]"));
    promptButton.click();
    Alert javascriptPrompt=driver.switchTo().alert();
    javascriptPrompt.sendkeys("This is Learning selenium")；
    javascriptPrompt.accept();
    
    system.out.println(javascriptPrompt.getText());
    
    javascriptPrompt=driver.switchTo().alert();
    javascriptPrompt.accept();
    
    promptButton.click();
    javascriptPrompt=driver.switchTo().alert();
    system.out.println(javascriptPrompt.getText());
    javascriptPrompt.dismiss();
    
    javascriptPrompt=driver.switchTo().alert();
    system.out.println(javascriptPrompt.getText());
    javascriptPrompt.accept();
    }
    @Test
   public void testConfirmDialog() throws Exception{                                        //确认框
    WebElement confirmButton=
      driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[1]"));
      
    confirmButton.click();
    Alert javascriptConfirm=driver.switchTo().alert();
    javascriptConfirm.accept();
    
    javascriptConfirm=driver.switchTo().alert();
    system.out.println(javascriptConfirm.getText());
    javascriptConfirm.accept();
    
    ConfirmButton.click();
    javascriptConfirm=driver.switchTo().alert();
    system.out.println(javascriptConfirm.getText());
    javascriptConfirm.dismiss();
    
    javascriptConfirm=driver.switchTo().alert();
    system.out.println(javascriptConfirm.getText());
    javascriptConfirm.accept();
    }
    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception{
    driver.quit();
    }
    }
    

  Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

  • alert.accept();　　//确定
  • alert.dismiss();　 //取消
  • alert.getText();　//获取文本

  5.7等待时间设置

  package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

  import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
  import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
  import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;

  public class testWait {
  public static void main(String...args){
   WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
   driver.get("http://www.google.com");
   WebElement SearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
   searchBox.sendkeys("Selenium2");
   searchBox.submit();
   //Explicit wait
   (new WebDriverWait(driver,10)).
   until(new ExoectedCondition<Boolean>()){
   public Boolean apply(WebDriver d){
   return d.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("Selenium");
   }
   });
   system.out.println("Page title is:"+driver.getTitle());
   driver.navigate().back();
   //implicit wait
   driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
   driver.findElement(By.name("btnk")).click();
   driver.quit();
   }
   }

  WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

  • driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);　　　　  //识别元素时的超时时间
  • driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);　　//页面加载时的超时时间
  • driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);　　   //异步脚本的超时时间

  5.8弹出窗口的验证标题

  package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import static org.junit.Assert.*;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.junit.After;
  import java.junit.Before;
  import java.junit.Test;

  import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

  public class testMultipleWindowsTitle {
  WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

  @Before
  public void setup()throws Exception{
  driver.get("http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_open.asp");
  }
  @Test
  public void testMultipleWindowsTitle()throws Exception{
  String parentWindowld=driver.getWindowHandle();
  assertEquals("Window open()Method",driver.getTitle());
  WebElement tryltButton=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"main\"]/div[2]/a"));
  tryltButton.click();
  Set<String>allWindowsld=driver.getWindowHandles();
  for(String windowld:allWindowld){
  if(driver.switchTo().window(window).getTitle().contains("Tryit")){
  driver.switchTo().window(windowld);
  break;
  }
  }
  assertEquals("Tryit Editor v1.8",driver.getTitle());
  }
  @after
  public void tearDown()throws Exception{
  driver.quit();
  }
  }

  5.9弹出窗口的验证内容

  package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.junit.After;
  import java.junit.Before;
  import java.junit.Test;

  import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

  public class testMultiplePageContain {
  WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

  @Before
  public void setup()throws Exception{
  driver.get("http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_open.asp");
  }
  @Test
  public void testMultiplePageContain()throws Exception{
  String parentWindowld=driver.getWindowHandle();
  assertEquals("Window open()Method",driver.getTitle());
  WebElement tryltButton=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"main\"]/div[2]/a"));
  tryltButton.click();
  Set<String>allWindowsld=driver.getWindowHandles();
  for(String windowld:allWindowld){
  if(driver.switchTo().window(window).getPageSource().contains("Open a new brower window")){
  driver.switchTo().window(windowld);
  break;
  }
  }
  assertEquals("Tryit Editor v1.8",driver.getTitle());
  driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowld);
  assertEquals("Window open()Method",driver.getTitle());
  }
  @After
  public void tearDown()throws Exception{
  driver.quit();
  }
  }
  5.10浏览器的Cookies

•  

  //将Cookies信息存储在zhihu.cookie.txt文件中

• package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import java.io.BufferedWriter;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.FileWriter;

• import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.Cookies;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

• public class testGetCookies {
  public static void main(String...args){
   WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
   driver.get("http://www.zhihu.com/#signin");
   driver.findElement(By.name("email")).sendkeys("seleniumcookies@126.com");
   driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendkeys("cookies123");
   if(driver.findElement(By.name("remember")).isSelected()){
   driver.findElement(By.name("remember")).click();
   }
   driver.findElement(By.className("sign-button")).click();
   File cookiesFile=new File("zhihu.cookies.txt");
   try{
   cookieFile.delete();
   cookieFile.createNewFile();
   FileWriter fileWriter=new BufferedWriter=new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);
   for(Cookie cookie:driver.manage().getCookies()){
   bufferWriter.write((cookie.getName()+";"
                      +cookie.getValue()+";"
                      +cookie.getDomain()+";"
                      +cookie.getPath()+";"
          +cookie.getExpiry()+";"
          +cookie.isSecure()));
   bufferWriter.newLine();
   }
   bufferWriter.flush();
   bufferWriter.close();
   file.Writer.close();
   }catch(Exception ex){
   ex.printStackTrace();
   }
   driver.quit();
   }
   }

  //从文件了读取保存的Cookies信息，并自动填充信息

•  

  package com.learningselenium.normalwebdriver;
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.FileReader;
  import java.util.Date;
  import java.util.StringTokenizer;

  import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

  public class testAddCookies {
  private static BufferedReader bufferedReader;
  public static void main(String...args){
   WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
   driver.get("http://www.zhihu.com/#signin");
   try{
   File cookieFile=new File("zhihu.cookies.txt");
   FileReader fr=new FileReader(cookieFile);
   bufferedReader=new BufferedReader(fr);
   String line;
   while((line=bufferedReader.readerLine())!=null){
   StringTokenizer stringTokenizer=new StringTokenizer(line,";");
   while(stringTokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
   String name=stringTokenizer.nextToken();
   String value=stringTokenizer.nextToken();
   String domain=stringTokenizer.nextToken();
   String path=stringTokenizer.nextToken();
   Date expiry=null;
   String dt;
   if(!(dt=stringTokenizer.nextToken()).equals("null")){
   expiry=new Date(dt);
   }
   boolean isSecure=new Boolean(stringTokenizer.nextToken()).booleanValue();
   Cookie cookie=new Cookie(name,value,domain,path,expiry,isSecure);
   driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
   }
   }
   }catch(Exception ex){
   ex,printStackTrace();
   }
   driver.get("http://www.zhihu.com");
   }
   }