【c基础练习】结构体

1.结构体成员的使用

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct Person
{
	char name[64];
	int age;
};
int main()
{
	//栈上分配空间
	struct Person p1;
	strcpy(p1.name, "john");
	p1.age = 30;
	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", p1.name, p1.age);

	//在堆区分配空间
	struct Person* p2 = (struct Person*)malloc(sizeof(struct Person));
	strcpy(p2->name, "tom");
	p2->age = 22;
	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", p2->name, p2->age);
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

2.结构体赋值

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct Person
{
	char name[20];
	int age;
};
int main()
{
	struct Person p1 = { "John", 30 };
	struct Person p2 = { "tom", 22 };
	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", p1.name, p1.age);
	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", p2.name, p2.age);
	p1 = p2;
	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", p1.name, p1.age);
	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", p2.name, p2.age);
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

3.结构体数组

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct Person
{
	char name[20];
	int age;
};
int main()
{
	//在栈上分配空间
	struct Person p1[3] = 
	{
		{ "john", 30 },
		{ "tom", 22 },
		{ "jerry",23 }
	};
	struct Person p2[3] = { "john", 30, "tom", 22, "jerry", 23 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		printf("Name:%s,Age:%d\n", p1[i].name, p1[i].age);
	}
	printf("________________________________\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		printf("Name:%s,Age:%d\n", p2[i].name, p2[i].age);
	}
	printf("________________________________\n");

	//在堆上分配空间
	struct Person* p3 = (struct Person*)malloc(sizeof(struct Person) * 3);
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		sprintf((p3+i)->name, "Name:%d", i + 1);
		p3[i].age = 20 + i;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		printf("Name:%s,Age:%d\n", p3[i].name, p3[i].age);
	}
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

4.结构体嵌套一级指针

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct Person
{
	char* name;
	int age;
};
void allocate_mem(struct Person** p)
{
	if (NULL == p)
	{
		return;
	}
	struct Person* temp =(struct Person*)malloc(sizeof(struct Person));
	if (NULL == temp)
	{
		return;
	}
	temp->age = 100;
	//给name指针分配内存
	temp->name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)* 64);
	strcpy(temp->name, "tom");	
	*p= temp;
}

void printf_Person(struct Person* p)
{
	printf("Name:%s,Age:%d\n", p->name, p->age);
}

void free_mem(struct Person** p)
{
	if (NULL == p)
	{
		return;
	}
	struct Person* temp = *p;
	if (NULL == temp->name)
	{
		free(temp->name);
		temp->name = NULL;
	}
	free(temp);
}

int main()
{	
	struct Person* p=NULL;
	allocate_mem05(&p);
	printf_Person05(p);
	free_mem05(&p);
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

5.结构体嵌套二级指针

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

//一个老师有n个学生
typedef struct _TEACHER
{
	char name[64];
	char** students;
}Teacher;

void create_teacher(const Teacher** teacher, int n, int m)
{
	if (teacher == NULL)
	{
		return;
	}
	//创建老师数组
	Teacher* temp_teacher = (Teacher*)malloc(sizeof(Teacher)*n);
	if (NULL==temp_teacher)
	{
		return;
	}
	//给每个老师分配学生
	int num = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		sprintf(temp_teacher[i].name, "老师_%d", i + 1);
		temp_teacher[i].students = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*)*m);
		for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
		{
			temp_teacher[i].students[j] = (char*)malloc(64);
			sprintf(temp_teacher[i].students[j], "学生_%d", num + 1);
			num++;
		}
	}
	*teacher = temp_teacher;
}

void print_teacher(const Teacher* teacher, int n, int m)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%s\n", teacher[i].name);
		for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
		{
			printf("   %s", teacher[i].students[j]);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

void free_mem(const Teacher** teacher, int n, int m)
{
	if (NULL==teacher)
	{
		return;
	}
	Teacher* temp_teacher = *teacher;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
		{
			free(temp_teacher[i].students[j]);
			temp_teacher[i].students[j]=NULL;
		}
		free(temp_teacher[i].students);
		temp_teacher[i].students = NULL;
	}
	free(temp_teacher);
	temp_teacher = NULL;
}
int main()
{
	Teacher* p=NULL;
	create_teacher06(&p, 2, 3);
	print_teacher06(p, 2, 3);
	free_mem06(&p, 2, 3);
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

习题：

//01 写一个程序满足一下要求：
//a.外部定义一个name结构模板，它含有2个成员:一个字符串用于存放名字，另一个字符串用于存放姓氏。
//b.外部定义一个student结构模板，它含有3个成员：一个name结构，一个存放3个浮点数分数的grade数组，以及
//一个存放这3个分数的平均分的变量。
//c.在main函数中声明一个具有CSIZE(CSIZE = 4)个student结构的数组，并随意初始化这些结构体的名字部分。使用
//函数来执行d、e、f以及g部分所描述的任务。
//d.请求用户输入学生的姓名和分数，以交互地获得每个学生的成绩。将分数存放到相应结构的grade数组成员中。
//您可以自主选择在main或者一个函数中实现这个循环。
//e.为这个结构计算平均分，并把这个值赋给适合的成员。
//f.输出每个结构中的信息。
//g.输出结构的每个数值成员的班级平均分。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define CSIZE 4
struct Name
{
	char FristName[10];
	char EndName[20];
};
typedef struct Student
{
	struct Name n;
	float Grade[3];
	float	Average;
}stu;
//d函数 ： 录入学生信息，求算平均分
void	fun_in(struct Student *p, int num)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		printf("请输入学生姓名\n");
		scanf("%s%s", &p[i].n.FristName, &p[i].n.EndName);
		printf("请输入成绩\n");
		scanf("%f%f%f", &p[i].Grade[0], &p[i].Grade[1], &p[i].Grade[2]);
		p[i].Average = (p[i].Grade[0] + p[i].Grade[1] + p[i].Grade[2]) / 3;
	}
}
void	fun_out(struct Student *p, int num)
{
	for (int i = 0; i <= num; i++)
	{
		printf("学生姓名:%s%s\n", p[i].n.FristName, p[i].n.EndName);
		printf("成绩%f\n", p[i].Average);
	}
}

int main()
{
	stu p[CSIZE];
	fun_in(p,CSIZE);
	fun_out(p, CSIZE);
	system("pause");
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}