JavaWeb-05-HttpServletResponse

JavaWeb-05-HttpServletResponse

1.概述

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对该请求,分别创建一个

代表请求得HttpServletRequest对象

代表响应得一个HttpServletResponse对象

• 如果要获取客户端请求得参数->HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息->HttpServletResponse

2.简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

void setContentLength(int var1);

void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

void setContentType(String var1);

void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

void setHeader(String var1, String var2);

void addHeader(String var1, String var2);

void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

状态码

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

3.常见应用

向浏览器输出消息

下载文件

• 获取下载文件的路径
• 下载的文件名
• 设法让浏览器支持下载
• 获取下载文件的输入流
• 创建缓冲区
• 获取OutputStream对象
• 将FileOutputStream流写入到缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "E:\\learnJava\\JavaWeb\\JavaWeb-04-Servlet\\response\\src\\main\\resources\\akali.jpg";
        System.out.println("下载的路径:"+realPath);
        //下载的文件名
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //设法让浏览器支持下载,若文件名为中文(不推荐中文)则+fileName--->+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
        //获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //创建缓冲区
        int len;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        //将FileOutputStream流写入到缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
        while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();
        os.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

验证码功能

• 前端实现(js判断)
• 后端实现(图片类)

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //让浏览器定时刷新
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建图片
        BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到画笔
        Graphics2D pen = (Graphics2D) img.getGraphics();
        //设置背景颜色
        pen.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        //填充
        pen.fillRect(0,0,80,20);//左上角坐标+长+宽
        //给图片写数据
        pen.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        pen.setFont(new Font(null, Font.BOLD,20));
        pen.drawString(makeRand(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器,该请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        resp.setHeader("expires", "-1");
        resp.setHeader("cache-control", "no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("pragma","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(img,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }
    //生成随机数
    public String makeRand(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num =  random.nextInt(999999)+"";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        //保证六位
        for (int i = 0; i < 6-num.length(); i++) {
            int n = (int)Math.random() * 10;
            sb.append(n+"");
        }
        num = sb.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

实现重定向

重定向(Redirect)就是通过各种方法将各种网络请求重新定个方向转到其它位置

常见场景:

• 用户登录
• …

void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

//重定向
/*原理
resp.setHeader("Location","/r/img");
resp.setStatus(302);
*/
resp.sendRedirect("/r/img");