单例与数据集中存储
单例是特殊的java类,在创建实例时,一个单例类仅允许创建一个实例。
要创建单例,需创建一个带有私有构造方法及get()方法的类,如果实例已存在,get()方法就直接返回它,否则get()方法就会调用构造方法创建它。
public class CrimeLab {
private static CrimeLab sCrimeLab;
private List<Crime> mCrimes;
private CrimeLab(Context context) {
mCrimes = new ArrayList<>();
//...
}
public static CrimeLab get(Context context) {
if (sCrimeLab == null) sCrimeLab = new CrimeLab(context);
return sCrimeLab;
}
}
使用抽象activity托管fragment
通用的activity托管布局
activity_fragment.xml
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</FrameLayout>
创建通用的抽象activity类
public abstract class SingleFragmentActivity extends FragmentActivity {
protected abstract Fragment createFragment();
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_fragment);
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
Fragment fragment = fm.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container);
if (fragment == null) {
fragment = createFragment();
/**
* 创建一个新的fragment事务,加入一个添加操作,然后提交该事务
*/
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, fragment).commit();
}
}
}
使用抽象类
public class MainActivity extends SingleFragmentActivity {
@Override
protected Fragment createFragment() {
return new CrimeFragment();
}
}
public class CrimeListActivity extends SingleFragmentActivity {
@Override
protected Fragment createFragment() {
return new CrimeListFragment();
}
}
修改launcher activity
AndroidManifest.xml
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".CrimeListActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
</activity>
</application>
使用RecyclerView
在布局文件中添加RecyclerView视图
fragment_crime_list.xml
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/crime_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
为CrimeListFragment配置视图
public class CrimeListFragment extends Fragment {
private RecyclerView mCrimeRecyclerView;
/**
* 实例化fragment视图的布局
* @param inflater LayoutInflater
* @param container ViewGroup
* @param savedInstanceState Bundle
* @return View
*/
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
/**
* 直接调用LayoutInflater.inflate(int, ViewGroup, boolean)方法生成fragment视图
* @param resId int 布局资源id
* @param root ViewGroup 视图的父视图
* @param attachToRoot boolean 告知布局生成器是否将生成的视图添加给父视图
*/
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_crime_list, container, false);
/**
* mCrimeRecyclerView的任务是回收再利用以及定位屏幕上的TextView视图;
* 实际上,定位的任务被委托给了LayoutManager;
* 使用LinearLayoutManager类以竖直列表的形式展示列表项。
*/
mCrimeRecyclerView = view.findViewById(R.id.crime_recycler_view);
mCrimeRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity()));
return view;
}
}
ViewHolder
在CrimeListFragment类内部定义ViewHolder类:
//ViewHolder用来容纳View视图
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
public TextView mTitleTextView;
public CrimeHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
super(itemView);
mTitleTextView = (TextView) itemView;
}
}
Adapter
在CrimeListFragment类内部定义Adapter类:
//Adapter负责创建ViewHolder(如果需要)、绑定ViewHolder至模型层数据
private class CrimeAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<CrimeHolder> {
private List<Crime> mCrimes;
public CrimeAdapter(List<Crime> crimes) {
mCrimes = crimes;
}
/**
* 创建View视图,封装到ViewHolder中
* @param parent ViewGroup
* @param viewType int
* @return CrimeHolder(ViewHolder)
*/
@NonNull
@Override
public CrimeHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
Log.d(TAG, "创建了View视图,并封装到了ViewHolder中。");
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getActivity());
View view = layoutInflater.inflate(android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, parent, false);
return new CrimeHolder(view);
}
/**
* 把ViewHolder的View视图和模型层数据绑定,绑定完毕,刷新显示View视图
* @param holder CrimeHolder(ViewHolder)
* @param position int 列表项在数据集中的索引位置
*/
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull CrimeHolder holder, int position) {
Log.d(TAG, "绑定了第 " + position + " 条数据。");
Crime crime = mCrimes.get(position);
holder.mTitleTextView.setText(crime.getTitle());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mCrimes.size();
}
}
关联Adapter和RecyclerView
在CrimeListFragment.java中定义一个updateUI()方法,在为CrimeListFragment配置视图后调用它实现关联。
//为RecyclerView设置Adapterprivate
void updateUI() {
CrimeLab crimeLab = CrimeLab.get(getActivity());
List<Crime> crimes = crimeLab.getCrimes();
mAdapter = new CrimeAdapter(crimes);
mCrimeRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
定制列表项
创建列表项布局
在布局文件里,一个组件必须首先被定义(使用@+id),其他组件才能在定义时使用它的资源ID(使用@id)。
list_item_crime.xml
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/list_item_crime_solved_check_box"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:padding="4dp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/list_item_crime_title_text_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/list_item_crime_solved_check_box"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:padding="4dp"
tools:text="陋习标题" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/list_item_crime_date_text_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/list_item_crime_solved_check_box"
android:layout_below="@id/list_item_crime_title_text_view"
android:padding="4dp"
tools:text="陋习日期" />
</RelativeLayout>
使用定制列表项视图
在Adapter中实例化定制布局
public CrimeHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getActivity());
View view = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_crime, parent, false);
return new CrimeHolder(view);
}
在CrimeHolder中寻找视图
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
private TextView mTitleTextView;
private TextView mDateTextView;
private CheckBox mSolvedCheckBox;
public CrimeHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
super(itemView);
mTitleTextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.list_item_crime_title_text_view);
mDateTextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.list_item_crime_date_text_view);
mSolvedCheckBox = itemView.findViewById(R.id.list_item_crime_solved_check_box);
}
}
在CrimeHolder中绑定视图
CrimeListFragment.CrimeHolder
public void bindCrime(Crime crime) {
mCrime = crime;
mTitleTextView.setText(mCrime.getTitle());
mDateTextView.setText(mCrime.getDate().toString());
mSolvedCheckBox.setChecked(mCrime.isSolved());
}
关联CrimeAdapter和CrimeHolder
CrimeListFragment.CrimeAdapter
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull CrimeHolder holder, int position) {
Crime crime = mCrimes.get(position);
holder.bindCrime(crime);
}
响应点击
CrimeListFragment.CrimeHolder
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements View.OnClickListener {
//...
public CrimeHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
super(itemView);
itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
//...
}
//...
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "点击了" + mCrime.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}