02.装饰者模式

02.装饰者模式

1、认识装饰者模式

购买咖啡时，除了咖啡的各种口味以外，还可以加入各种调料，例如：蒸奶、豆浆、摩卡或奶盖，星巴克会根据加入不同的调料收取不同的费用，当然还有大中小杯等等。

如果我们使用类继承的方式，会导致类数目爆炸、设计死板，以及基类加入的新功能并不适用于所有的子类。

所以我们要采取不一样的做法，我们以饮料为主体，然后采用调料类、体积类来修饰。

（1）拿一个深焙咖啡（DarkRoast）对象

（2）以摩卡（Mocha）对象来修饰

（3）以奶泡（Whip）来修饰

（4）以中杯（Medium）来修饰

（5）调用cost()方法，并依赖委托（delegate）将调料的价钱加上

2、定义

装饰者模式：动态地将责任附加到对象上，若要拓展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案。

3、设计原则：

开放-关闭原则

类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭。

我们的目标是允许类容易拓展，在不修改现有代码的情况下，就可搭配新的行为。

4、设计

代码实现：

（1）装饰者总抽象类

public abstract class Beverage {
    public String description = "Unknown Beverage";

    public String getDescription(){
        return description;
    }
    public abstract double cost();
}

（2）调料装饰者 抽象类

public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
    @Override
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

（3）容量装饰者 抽象类

public abstract class Capacity extends Beverage {
    @Override
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

（4）四种咖啡实现类

/**
 * 深度烘焙咖啡类
 */
public class DarkRoast extends Beverage {

    public DarkRoast(){
        this.description = "DarkRoast";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 2.99;
    }
}

/**
 * 猫屎咖啡
 */

public class Decat extends Beverage {

    public Decat(){
        this.description = "Decat";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 1.89;
    }
}

/**
 * 浓缩咖啡类
 */
public class Espresso extends Beverage {

    public Espresso(){
        this.description = "Espresso";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 1.99;
    }
}

/**
 * 首选咖啡（星巴克咖啡名）
 */
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
    public HouseBlend() {
        description = "HouseBlend";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.89;
    }
}

（5）调料类

/**
 * 摩卡  调料类
 */
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Mocha(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Mocha";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return .20 + beverage.cost();
    }
}

/**
 * 大豆  调料类
 */
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Soy(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Soy";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return .30 + beverage.cost();
    }
}

/**
 * 鲜奶  调料类
 */
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Whip(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Whip";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return .50 + beverage.cost();
    }
}

（6）容量类

/**
 * 大杯
 */
public class Big extends Capacity {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Big(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return beverage.cost() + 0.20;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + " ,Big";
    }
}

/**
 * 中杯
 */

public class Medium extends Capacity {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Medium(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return beverage.cost() + 0.15;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription() + " ,Medium";
    }
}

/**
 * 小杯
 */

public class Small extends Capacity {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Small(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return beverage.cost() + 0.10;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription() + " ,Small";
    }
}

（7）测试类

public class StarbuzzCoffee {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription() + " $" + beverage.cost());

        Beverage beverage1 = new DarkRoast();
        beverage1 = new Mocha(beverage1);
        beverage1 = new Mocha(beverage1);
        beverage1 = new Whip(beverage1);
        System.out.println(beverage1.getDescription() + " $" + beverage1.cost());

        Beverage beverage2 = new HouseBlend();
        beverage2 = new Soy(beverage2);
        beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
        beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
        beverage2 = new Big(beverage2);
        System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription() + " $" + beverage2.cost());
    }
}

结果：

Espresso $1.99
DarkRoast,Mocha,Mocha,Whip $3.8900000000000006
HouseBlend,Soy,Mocha,Whip ,Big $2.09