android 源码探索--AsyncTask

本文是个人学习AsyncTask时整理的一些东西|白龙出品，支持原创|  转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/bailong025/article/details/42360341

首先android刷新ui的线程是单线程的，不能在里面处理一些耗时的操作，否则会造成程序未响应而出现anr(Application Not Responding)异常，即使不出现异常也会导致界面卡顿，影响用户体验。

AsyncTask是android提供的可以异步操作线程的类，内部原理为线程+handler，所以AsyncTask对外开放了几个方法可以用来刷新ui，他们是

protected void onPreExecute();

protected void onPostExecute(Result result);

protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) ;

protected void onCancelled(Result result);

以及一个必须实现的执行耗时操作的方法

protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

首先来看下AsyncTask中的一些参数

private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";
	private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
	/** 可以同时执行的核心线程个数 **/
	private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
	/** 可以同时执行的最多线程个数 **/
	private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
	private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
	private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
		private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

		public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
			return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
		}
	};
	/** 装载等待线程的队列，最多存放128个（当工作线程满时被放入等待队列） **/
	private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(
			128);
	/**
	 * 真正执行任务的线程池
	 */
	public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
			CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
			sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
	/**
	 * 这个线程池没有真正的去运行提交到里面的Runnable，只是顺序的存入队列又取出来,
	 * 将Runnable提交到了THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR线程池
	 */
	public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
	private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
	/** 消息类型--提交结果 **/
	private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
	/** 消息类型--刷新进度 **/
	private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
	/** AsyncTask内部处理刷新ui的handler **/
	private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler();

	/**
	 * AsyncTask的状态
	 */
	public enum Status {
		/**
		 * Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
		 */
		PENDING,
		/**
		 * Indicates that the task is running.
		 */
		RUNNING,
		/**
		 * Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished.
		 */
		FINISHED,
	}

现在我们看到了AsyncTask内部其实用的是线城池

然后看一下当我们调用execute时做了什么

	public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
		return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
	}
	public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(
			Executor exec, Params... params) {
		if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
			switch (mStatus) {
			case RUNNING:
				throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
						+ " the task is already running.");
			case FINISHED:
				throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
						+ " the task has already been executed "
						+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
			}
		}
		/** 状态变为有任务正在执行 **/
		mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
		/**
		 * 调用onPreExecute方法，这时如果我们重写了这个方法就会执行，由于AsyncTask是在ui线程执行的execute，
		 * 所以在onPreExecute()中可以刷新我们的ui
		 **/
		onPreExecute();
		/** 修改WorkerRunnable中的参数为本次传入的 **/
		mWorker.mParams = params;
		/** 提交修改后的异步任务到转发线程池 **/
		exec.execute(mFuture);
		return this;
	}

 

上面在调用onPreExecute()方法后执行了

exec.execute(mFuture);

将修改后的异步任务提交到转发线程池，下面是转发线程池的代码

	private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
		final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
		Runnable mActive;
		public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
			/** 向mTasks队列中压入Runnable **/
			mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						r.run();
					} finally {
						scheduleNext();
					}
				}
			});
			if (mActive == null) {
				scheduleNext();
			}
		}
		protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
			/** 从队列里取出Runnable，提交到THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR线程池 **/
			if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
				THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
			}
		}
	}

下面再看看FutureTask做了什么

 /**
     * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
     */
    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked，调用doInBackground放法并将返回值传给postResult方法
                return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

 private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }


    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

 private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

WorkerRunnable的实质是实现了Callable接口，当执行了Callable的call()方法，然后会执行FutureTask中的done()方法，这时在FutureTask通过调用get()发法可以得到call()方法的返回值。然后调用了postResult(Result result)将结果提交到handler中。然后看一下handler中做了什么

 private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

 private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {  
            onCancelled(result);//如果任务被取消，可以在onCancelled(result)中收到，由于是在handler中调用的所以可以刷新ui
        } else { 
            onPostExecute(result);//如果任务没有被取消，执行onPostExecute(result)，同样可以刷新ui

        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;//改变AsyncTask状态
    }

 private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

//AsyncTaskResult中仅仅是封装了AsyncTask和一个参数。
        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }

至此AsyncTask的流程结束。