基于Java Socket实现同步非阻塞通信

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示例内容：基于Java Socket实现的客户端与服务器非阻塞发送接收消息。代码包含三个类，Client, Server都比较简单，ChatThread implements Runnable类实现了接收与发送消息。

思路：从Socket中获取的InputStream是阻塞的，可以用DataInputStream对inputStream进行封装，然后用非阻塞的DataInputStream#available方法询问流中是否有数据，有数据时才用阻塞的读方法将数据读出。发送消息时，从控制台读入，同样的道理，可以用BufferedReader等类对System.in进行封装，调用BufferedReader#ready方法判断数据是否准备好。

其他：起初看网上有人用ReceiveThread和SendThread来实现这样的非阻塞通信，我尝试后发现有线程关闭、己方Socket关闭但对方Socket未关闭的问题，于是我写了CallbackHandler来解决问题。但后来发现没有必要将读写写成两个线程，因为我们实现的是非阻塞通信。同步是指用户线程发起IO请求后需要等待或者轮询内核IO操作完成后才能继续执行，所以示例代码属于同步非阻塞IO模型。

示例代码的编译命令：javac -d ./out .\noblocking\*.java

启动Server的命令：java -cp ./out noblocking.Server

启动Client的命令：java -cp ./out noblocking.Client 

命令执行如下图：

代码如下，三个类加到一块不到100行，比较容易阅读。Client中写的IP是我的局域网IP，端口使用的13579.

package noblocking;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(13579)) {
            while (true) {
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                new Thread(()->{
                    System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress().getHostName() + " on line!");
                    new ChatThread(socket).run();
                    System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress().getHostName() + " off line!");
                }).start();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

package noblocking;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.2.141", 13579);
            new Thread(new ChatThread(socket)).start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package noblocking;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ChatThread implements Runnable {
    private Socket socket;
    public ChatThread(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try (BufferedReader localReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
             DataOutputStream writeToRemote = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
             DataInputStream readFromRemote = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
            ) {
            // localWrite: System.out
            while(!socket.isClosed()) {
                if (readFromRemote.available() > 0) {
                    String msg = readFromRemote.readUTF();
                    if (msg.equals("exit")) {
                        break; // passive Exit
                    }
                    System.out.println("receive: " + msg);
                }
                if (localReader.ready()) {
                    String msg = localReader.readLine();
                    writeToRemote.writeUTF(msg);
                    if (msg.equals("exit")) {
                        break; // Active exit
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (!socket.isClosed()) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

附非阻塞IO通信模型图

图1