下面继续GNU环境编程。
这里,演示一下用MingW编制一个Win32窗口程序,并在窗口里用CChart绘制等高线图。
窗口程序相对于上一节课的控制台程序,相对要复杂一些,为了方便编程,特别是为了能生成一个程序模板以供我们进一步修改,这里使用了Code::Blocks这个IDE。
第一步,打开上一节课二次包装CChart库的Dll工程文件,在ChartWrapper.cpp里面,输入下面的代码,然后编译出CChartWrapperU.dll待用。
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_CreateChart=CChartu.?CreateChart@Classless@@YAXXZ")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_DestroyChart=CChartu.?DestroyChart@Classless@@YAXXZ")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_Attach=CChartu.?Attach@Classless@@YAHPAUHWND__@@@Z")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_SetType=CChartu.?SetType@Classless@@YA_NH@Z")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_SetFieldFcn=CChartu.?SetFieldFcn@Classless@@YAXP6ANNN@Z@Z")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_SetPlotRange=CChartu.?SetPlotRange@Classless@@YAXNNNN@Z")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_SetTitle=CChartu.?SetTitle@Classless@@YAXPB_W@Z")
#pragma comment(linker, "/export:_ReDraw=CChartu.?ReDraw@Classless@@YAXXZ")
这里转发了八个需要用到的函数。
第二步,打开Code::Blocks,点击菜单File->New->Project…,在弹出的对话框里选择Win32 GUI Project,然后继续,建立一个名为GccWnd的项目。
第三步,修改编译目标。点击菜单Project->Properties…,进入Build Targets选项卡,把Type由Console application改变为GUI application。
这时系统自动产生的代码如下。
#if defined(UNICODE) && !defined(_UNICODE)
#define _UNICODE
#elif defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(UNICODE)
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <tchar.h>
#include <windows.h>
/* Declare Windows procedure */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
/* Make the class name into a global variable */
TCHAR szClassName[ ] = _T("CodeBlocksWindowsApp");
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hThisInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpszArgument,
int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hwnd; /* This is the handle for our window */
MSG messages; /* Here messages to the application are saved */
WNDCLASSEX wincl; /* Data structure for the windowclass */
/* The Window structure */
wincl.hInstance = hThisInstance;
wincl.lpszClassName = szClassName;
wincl.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure; /* This function is called by windows */
wincl.style = CS_DBLCLKS; /* Catch double-clicks */
wincl.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);
/* Use default icon and mouse-pointer */
wincl.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wincl.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wincl.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wincl.lpszMenuName = NULL; /* No menu */
wincl.cbClsExtra = 0; /* No extra bytes after the window class */
wincl.cbWndExtra = 0; /* structure or the window instance */
/* Use Windows's default colour as the background of the window */
wincl.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_BACKGROUND;
/* Register the window class, and if it fails quit the program */
if (!RegisterClassEx (&wincl))
return 0;
/* The class is registered, let's create the program*/
hwnd = CreateWindowEx (
0, /* Extended possibilites for variation */
szClassName, /* Classname */
_T("Code::Blocks Template Windows App"), /* Title Text */
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, /* default window */
CW_USEDEFAULT, /* Windows decides the position */
CW_USEDEFAULT, /* where the window ends up on the screen */
544, /* The programs width */
375, /* and height in pixels */
HWND_DESKTOP, /* The window is a child-window to desktop */
NULL, /* No menu */
hThisInstance, /* Program Instance handler */
NULL /* No Window Creation data */
);
/* Make the window visible on the screen */
ShowWindow (hwnd, nCmdShow);
/* Run the message loop. It will run until GetMessage() returns 0 */
while (GetMessage (&messages, NULL, 0, 0))
{
/* Translate virtual-key messages into character messages */
TranslateMessage(&messages);
/* Send message to WindowProcedure */
DispatchMessage(&messages);
}
/* The program return-value is 0 - The value that PostQuitMessage() gave */
return messages.wParam;
}
/* This function is called by the Windows function DispatchMessage() */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message) /* handle the messages */
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0); /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
break;
default: /* for messages that we don't deal with */
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
这些代码比上节课复杂多了!如果手工写,太费劲了,所以才需要使用IDE。
直接编译,效果如图。
第四步,拷贝CChartWrapperU.dll,CChartWrapperU.lib和CChartu.dll到GccWnd目录下面。
第五步,设置链接到CChartWrapperU.lib。点击菜单Project->Build options…,在弹出的对话框里,左边选择Debug,右边在Linker Settings选项卡里,点击Add按钮。如下。在相对路径选择的对话框里,选择“否”,不使用相对路径。
第六步,声明要用到的函数。
extern "C" void CreateChart();
extern "C" void DestroyChart();
extern "C" int Attach(HWND hWnd);
extern "C" void SetType(int nType);
extern "C" void SetFieldFcn(double (*pFieldFcn)(double x, double y));
extern "C" void SetPlotRange(double x1, double x2, double y1, double y2);
extern "C" void SetTitle(const wchar_t* title);
extern "C" void ReDraw();
第七步,添加等高线图的场函数。
double field(double x, double y)
{
return 1.0/(x*x+y*y+1.0);
}
第八步,增加WM_CREATE、WM_SIZE消息响应,并修改WM_DESTROY消息的响应。
case WM_CREATE:
CreateChart();
Attach(hwnd);
SetType(6);
SetFieldFcn(field);
SetPlotRange(-2, 2, -3, 3);
SetTitle(L"GCC标题");
break;
case WM_SIZE:
ReDraw();
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
DestroyChart();
PostQuitMessage (0);
break;
第八步,点击菜单Project->Build options…,在Other compiler options选项卡里,添加:-finput-charset=GBK。添加这个选项的目的是支持中文字符串,和上节课命令行中的选项一样。
编译并运行,如图所示。
好了,结束!