bash shell if-test

 1 #!/bin/bash
   2 
   3 #  小技巧:
   4 #  如果你不确定某一条件怎么被求值,
   5 #+ 可以用一个if-test结构来测试.
   6 
   7 echo
   8 
   9 echo "Testing \"0\""
  10 if [ 0 ]      # 0
  11 then
  12   echo "0 is true."
  13 else
  14   echo "0 is false."
  15 fi            # 0为真.
  16 
  17 echo
  18 
  19 echo "Testing \"1\""
  20 if [ 1 ]      # 1
  21 then
  22   echo "1 is true."
  23 else
  24   echo "1 is false."
  25 fi            # 1为真.
  26 
  27 echo
  28 
  29 echo "Testing \"-1\""
  30 if [ -1 ]     # -1
  31 then
  32   echo "-1 is true."
  33 else
  34   echo "-1 is false."
  35 fi            # -1为真.
  36 
  37 echo
  38 
  39 echo "Testing \"NULL\""
  40 if [ ]        # NULL (空条件)
  41 then
  42   echo "NULL is true."
  43 else
  44   echo "NULL is false."
  45 fi            # NULL为假.
  46 
  47 echo
  48 
  49 echo "Testing \"xyz\""
  50 if [ xyz ]    # 字符串
  51 then
  52   echo "Random string is true."
  53 else
  54   echo "Random string is false."
  55 fi            # 任意字符串为true.
  56 
  57 echo
  58 
  59 echo "Testing \"\$xyz\""
  60 if [ $xyz ]   # 变量$xyz为null值, 但...
  61               # 它只是一个未初始化的变量.
  62 then
  63   echo "Uninitialized variable is true."
  64 else
  65   echo "Uninitialized variable is false."
  66 fi            # 未初始化的变量为false.
  67 
  68 echo
  69 
  70 echo "Testing \"-n \$xyz\""
  71 if [ -n "$xyz" ]            # 进一步实验核实.
  72 then
  73   echo "Uninitialized variable is true."
  74 else
  75   echo "Uninitialized variable is false."
  76 fi            # 未始初化的变量为false.
  77 
  78 echo
  79 
  80 
  81 xyz=          # 已初始化, 但设置成null值.
  82 
  83 echo "Testing \"-n \$xyz\""
  84 if [ -n "$xyz" ]
  85 then
  86   echo "Null variable is true."
  87 else
  88   echo "Null variable is false."
  89 fi            # Null值变量为假.
  90 
  91 
  92 echo
  93 
  94 
  95 # 什么时候"false"为真?
  96 
  97 echo "Testing \"false\""
  98 if [ "false" ]              #  "false"是一个字符串.
  99 then
 100   echo "\"false\" is true." #+ 它被测试为真.
 101 else
 102   echo "\"false\" is false."
 103 fi            # "false"为真.
 104 
 105 echo
 106 
 107 echo "Testing \"\$false\""  # 再来，未初始化的变量.
 108 if [ "$false" ]
 109 then
 110   echo "\"\$false\" is true."
 111 else
 112   echo "\"\$false\" is false."
 113 fi            # "$false"变量为假.
 114               # 现在, 我们取得了预期的效果.
 115 
 116 #  如果我们测试未初始化的变量"$true"会发生什么?
 117 
 118 echo
 119 
 120 exit 0