Java设计模式之观察者模式

有时被称作发布/订阅模式，观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。这个主题对象在状态发生变化时，会通知所有观察者对象，使它们能够自动更新自己。

实现方式，用Java的内置的API实现观察者模式，主题对象继承Observable类，观察者对象实现Observer接口。

测试我们的观察者模式:

public class DogMain {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		 
        //被观察者
		DogData dogData = new DogData();
 
        //观察者对象
        CurrentConditionsDisplay conditionsDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(dogData);
        StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(dogData);
        ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(dogData);
 
        dogData.setMeasurements("乐乐", "白色", "柯基");
 
    }
}

实现我们的主题类，也就是我们的被观察者:

public class DogData extends Observable{
	private String name;
    private String colour;
    private String kinds;
 
    public DogData() {
    }
 
    /**
     * 被观察者数据发生改变
     * @param name
     * @param colour
     * @param kinds
     */
    public void setMeasurements(String name, String colour, String kinds) {
        this.name = name;
        this.colour = colour;
        this.kinds = kinds;
        this.measurementsChanged();
    }
 
    /**
     * 修改后，通知观察者
     */
    public void measurementsChanged() {
        super.setChanged();
        super.notifyObservers();
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public String getColour() {
        return colour;
    }
 
    public String getKinds() {
        return kinds;
    }
}

定义一个公告板显示接口，观察者要实现此接口来显示在公告板上

public interface DisplayElement {
	public void display();
}

Observable可以主动推（push）数据给观察者对象，也可以让观察者对象拉（pull）数据。

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement{
	private String name;
    private String colour;
    private String kinds;
    private Observable observable;
 
    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Observable observable) {
        this.observable = observable;
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        if(o instanceof DogData) {
            this.name = ((DogData) o).getName();
            this.colour = ((DogData) o).getColour();
            this.kinds = ((DogData) o).getKinds();
            this.display();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("名字："+ this.name+"\t"+"颜色："+this.colour+"\t"+"品种："+this.kinds);
    }
}

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class ForecastDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement{
	private String name;
    private String colour;
    private String kinds;
    private Observable observeable;
 
    public ForecastDisplay(Observable observeable) {
        this.observeable = observeable;
        this.observeable.addObserver(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        if(o instanceof DogData) {
        	 this.name = ((DogData) o).getName();
             this.colour = ((DogData) o).getColour();
             this.kinds = ((DogData) o).getKinds();
            this.display();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("名字："+ this.name+"\t"+"颜色："+this.colour+"\t"+"品种："+this.kinds);
    }

}

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class StatisticsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement{
	private String name;
    private String colour;
    private String kinds;
    private Observable observable;
 
    public StatisticsDisplay(Observable observable) {
        this.observable = observable;
        this.observable.addObserver(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        if(o instanceof DogData) {
        	 this.name = ((DogData) o).getName();
             this.colour = ((DogData) o).getColour();
             this.kinds = ((DogData) o).getKinds();
            this.display();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("名字："+ this.name+"\t"+"颜色："+this.colour+"\t"+"品种："+this.kinds);
    }
}