快速排序的基本思想:
分治法,即,分解,求解,组合 .
分解:
在无序区R[low..high]中任选一个记录作为基准(通常选第一个记录,并记为Pivot,其下标为pivotpos),以此为基准划分成两个较小的子区间R[low,pivotpos - 1]和R[pivotpos + 1 , high],并使左边子区间的所有记录均小于等于基准记录,右边子区间的所有记录均大于等于基准记录,基准记录无需参加后续的排序。而划分的关键是要求出基准记录所在的位置pivotpos.
求解:
通过递归调用快速排序对左、右子区间R[low..pivotpos-1]和R[pivotpos+1..high]快速排序
组合:
当"求解"步骤中的两个递归调用结束时,其左、右两个子区间已有序。对快速排序而言,"组合"步骤无须做什么,可看作是空操作。
具体过程:
设序列为R[low,high],从其中选第一个为基准,设为pivot,然后设两个指针i和j,分别指向序列R[low,high]的起始和结束位置上:
1),将i逐渐增大,直到找到大于pivot的关键字为止;
2),将j逐渐减少,直到找到小于等于pivot的关键字为止;
3),如果i<j,即R[i,j]的元素数大于1,则交换R[i]和R[j];
4),将基准记录pivot放到合适的位置上,即i和j同时指向的位置,则此位置为新的pivotpos。
备注:
快速排序是不稳定排序,即相同的关键字排序后,相对位置是不确定的。
示例代码:
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快速排序代码C#
public class DataStructure_QuickSort
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{
//划分子区间,计算基准位置
int Partition(int[] arr , int nLower ,int nUpper)
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{
int pivot = arr[nLower] ;//取第一个记录为基准记录
int nLeft = nLower + 1; //加1,pivot无需和自身做比较
int nRight = nUpper ;
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int temp ;
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do
{
while (nLeft <= nRight && arr[nLeft] <= pivot) //将nLeft逐渐增大,直到找到大于pivot的下标为止
nLeft++ ;
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
while (nLeft <= nRight && arr[nRight] > pivot) //从nRight逐渐减少,直到找到小于等于pivot的下标为止
nRight-- ;
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
//R[nLeft,nRight]区间的长度(元素数)大于1时,交换R[nLeft]和R[nRight]
if (nLeft < nRight)
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{
temp = arr[nLeft] ;
arr[nLeft] = arr[nRight] ;
arr[nRight] = temp ;
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nLeft++;
nRight--;
}
} while (nLeft < nRight); //当nLeft == nRight的时候停止循环
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//把基准记录pivot放到正确位置,即nLeft和nRight同时指向的位置
temp = arr[nLower];
arr[nLower] = arr[nRight];
arr[nRight] = temp ;
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return nRight ;
}
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public void QuickSort(int[] arr, int nLower, int nUpper)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
{
int pivotpos; //基准下标
if (nLower < nUpper) //仅当区间范围长度大于1时才须排序
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
{
pivotpos = Partition(arr, nLower, nUpper);//划分子区间,知道基准下标(QuickSort的关键)
QuickSort(arr, nLower, pivotpos - 1); //对左区间递归排序
QuickSort(arr, pivotpos + 1, nUpper); //对右区间递归排序
}
}
}
分治法,即,分解,求解,组合 .
分解:
在无序区R[low..high]中任选一个记录作为基准(通常选第一个记录,并记为Pivot,其下标为pivotpos),以此为基准划分成两个较小的子区间R[low,pivotpos - 1]和R[pivotpos + 1 , high],并使左边子区间的所有记录均小于等于基准记录,右边子区间的所有记录均大于等于基准记录,基准记录无需参加后续的排序。而划分的关键是要求出基准记录所在的位置pivotpos.
求解:
通过递归调用快速排序对左、右子区间R[low..pivotpos-1]和R[pivotpos+1..high]快速排序
组合:
当"求解"步骤中的两个递归调用结束时,其左、右两个子区间已有序。对快速排序而言,"组合"步骤无须做什么,可看作是空操作。
具体过程:
设序列为R[low,high],从其中选第一个为基准,设为pivot,然后设两个指针i和j,分别指向序列R[low,high]的起始和结束位置上:
1),将i逐渐增大,直到找到大于pivot的关键字为止;
2),将j逐渐减少,直到找到小于等于pivot的关键字为止;
3),如果i<j,即R[i,j]的元素数大于1,则交换R[i]和R[j];
4),将基准记录pivot放到合适的位置上,即i和j同时指向的位置,则此位置为新的pivotpos。
备注:
快速排序是不稳定排序,即相同的关键字排序后,相对位置是不确定的。
示例代码:
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
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