OCP Java17 SE Developers 复习题01

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D, E. Option E is the canonical main() method signature. You need to memorize it. Option D is an alternate form with the redundant final. Option A is incorrect because the main() method must be public. Options B and F are incorrect because the main() method must have a void return type. Option C is incorrect because the main() method must be static.

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C, D, E. The package and import statements are both optional. If both are present, the order must be package, then import, and then class. Option A is incorrect because class is before package and import. Option B is incorrect because import is before package. Option F is incorrect because class is before package.

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A, E. Bunny is a class, which can be seen from the declaration: public class Bunny. The variable bun is a reference to an object. The method main() is the standard entry point to a program. Option G is incorrect because the parameter type matters, not the parameter name.

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B, E, G. Option A is invalid because a single underscore is not allowed. Option C is not a valid identifier because true is a Java reserved word. Option D is not valid because a period (.) is not allowed in identifiers. Option F is not valid because the first character is not a letter, dollar sign ($), or underscore (_). Options B, E, and G are valid because they contain only valid characters.

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A, D, F. Garbage collection is never guaranteed to run, making option F correct and option E incorrect. Next, the class compiles and runs without issue, so option G is incorrect. The Bear object created on line 9 is accessible until line 13 via the brownBear reference variable, which is option A. The Bear object created on line 10 is accessible via both the polarBear reference and the brownBear.pandaBear reference. After line 12, the object is still accessible via brownBear.pandaBear. After line 13, though, it is no longer accessible since brownBear is no longer accessible, which makes option D the final answer.

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F. To solve this problem, you need to trace the braces {} and see when variables go in and out of scope. The variables on lines 2 and 7 are only in scope for a single line block. The variable on line 12 is only in scope for the for loop. None of these are in scope on line 14. By contrast, the three instance variables on lines 3 and 4 are available in all instance methods. Additionally, the variables on lines 6, 9, and 10 are available since the method and while loop are still in scope. This is a total of 7 variables, which is option F.

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C, E. The first thing to recognize is that this is a text block and the code inside the """ is just text. Options A and B are incorrect because the numForks and numKnives variables are not used. This is convenient since numKnives is not initialized and would not compile if it were referenced. Option C is correct as it is matching text. Option D is incorrect because the text block does not have a trailing blank line. Finally, option E is also an answer since " # knives is indented.

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B, D, E, H. A var cannot be initialized with a null value without a type, but it can be assigned a null value later if the underlying type is not a primitive. For these reasons, option H is correct, but options A and C are incorrect. Options B and D are correct as the underlying types are String and Integer, respectively. Option E is correct as this is a valid numeric expression. You might know that dividing by zero produces a runtime exception, but the question was only about whether the code compiled. Finally, options F and G are incorrect as var cannot be used in a multiple-variable assignment.

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E. Options C and D are incorrect because local variables don't have default values. Option A is incorrect because float should have a decimal point. Option B is incorrect because primitives do not default to null. Option E is correct and option F incorrect because reference types in class variables default to null.

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A, E, F. An underscore (_) can be placed in any numeric literal, as long as it is not at the beginning, at the end, or next to a decimal point (.). Underscores can even be placed next to each other. For these reasons, options A, E, and F are correct. Options B and D are incorrect as the underscore (_) is next to a decimal point (.). Options C and G are incorrect because an underscore (_) cannot be placed at the beginning or end of the literal.

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E. The first two imports can be removed because java.lang is automatically imported. The following two imports can be removed because Tank and Water are in the same package, making the correct option E. If Tank and Water were in different packages, exactly one of these two imports could be removed. In that case, the answer would be option D.

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A, C, D. Line 2 does not compile as only one type should be specified, making option A correct. Line 3 compiles without issue as it declares a local variable inside an instance initializer that is never used. Line 4 does not compile because Java does not support setting default method parameter values, making option C correct. Finally, line 7 does not compile because fins is in scope and accessible only inside the instance initializer on line 3, making option D correct.

 

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A, B, C. Option A is correct because it imports all the classes in the aquarium package including aquarium.Water. Options B and C are correct because they import Water by class name. Since importing by class name takes precedence over wildcards, these compile. Option D is incorrect because Java doesn't know which of the two wildcard Water classes to use. Option E is incorrect because you cannot specify the same class name in two imports.

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A, B, D, E. Line 3 does not compile because the L suffix makes the literal value a long, which cannot be stored inside a short directly, making option A correct. Line 4 does not compile because int is an integral type, but 2.0 is a double literal value, making option B correct. Line 5 compiles without issue. Lines 6 and 7 do not compile because numPets and numGrains are both primitives, and you can call methods only on reference types, not primitive values, making options D and E correct, respectively. Finally, line 8 compiles because there is a length() method defined on String.

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C, E, F. In Java, there are no guarantees about when garbage collection will run. The JVM is free to ignore calls to System.gc(). For this reason, options A, B, and D are incorrect. Option C is correct as the purpose of garbage collection is to reclaim used memory. Option E is also correct that an object may never be garbage collected, such as if the program ends before garbage collection runs. Option F is correct and is the primary means by which garbage collection algorithms determine whether an object is eligible for garbage collection. Finally, option G is incorrect as marking a variable final means it is constant within its own scope. For example, a local variable marked final will be eligible for garbage collection after the method ends, assuming there are no other references to the object that exist outside the method.

  

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A, D. Option A is correct. There are two lines. One starts with squirrel, and the other starts with pigeon. Remember that a backslash means to skip the line break. Option D is also correct as \s means to keep whitespace. In a text block, incidental indentation is ignored, making option F incorrect.

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D, F, G. The code compiles and runs without issue, so options A and B are incorrect. A boolean field initializes to false, making option D correct with Empty = false being printed. Object references initialize to null, not the empty String, so option F is correct with Brand = null being printed. Finally, the default value of floating-point numbers is 0.0. Although float values can be declared with an f suffix, they are not printed with an f suffix. For these reasons, option G is correct and Code = 0.0 is printed.

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B, C, F. A var cannot be used for a constructor or method parameter or for an instance or class variable, making option A incorrect and option C correct. The type of a var is known at compile-time, and the type cannot be changed at runtime, although its value can change at runtime. For these reasons, options B and F are correct, and option E is incorrect. Option D is incorrect, as var is not permitted in multiple-variable declarations. Finally, option G is incorrect, as var is not a reserved word in Java.

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A, D. The first two lines provide a way to convert a String into a number. The first is a long primitive and the second is a Long reference object, making option D one of the answers. The code is correct and the maximum is 100, which is option A.

 

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C. The key thing to notice is that line 4 does not define a constructor, but instead a method named PoliceBox(), since it has a return type of void. This method is never executed during the program run, and color and age are assigned the default values null and 0L, respectively. Lines 11 and 12 change the values for an object associated with p, but then, on line 13, the p variable is changed to point to the object associated with q, which still has the default values. For this reason, the program prints Q1=null, Q2=0, P1=null, and P2=0, making option C the only correct answer.

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D. We start with the main() method, which prints 7- on line 10. Next, a new Salmon instance is created on line 11. This calls the two instance initializers on lines 3 and 4 to be executed in order. The default value of an instance variable of type int is 0, so 0- is printed next and count is assigned a value of 1. Next, the constructor is called. This assigns a value of 4 to count and prints 2-. Finally, line 12 prints 4-, since that is the value of count. Putting it all together, we have 7-0-2-4-, making option D the correct answer.

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C, F, G. First, 0b is the prefix for a binary value, and 0x is the prefix for a hexadecimal value. These values can be assigned to many primitive types, including int and double, making options C and F correct. Option A is incorrect because naming the variable Amount will cause the System.out.print(amount) call on the next line to not compile. Option B is incorrect because 9L is a long value. If the type was changed to long amount = 9L, then it would compile. Option D is incorrect because 1_2.0 is a double value. If the type was changed to double amount = 1_2.0, then it would compile. Options E and H are incorrect because the underscore (_) appears next to the decimal point (.), which is not allowed. Finally, option G is correct, and the underscore and assignment usage are valid.

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A, D. The first compiler error is on line 3. The variable temp is declared as a float, but the assigned value is 50.0, which is a double without the F/f postfix. Since a double doesn't fit inside a float, line 3 does not compile. Next, depth is declared inside the for loop and only has scope inside this loop. Therefore, reading the value on line 10 triggers a compiler error. For these reasons, options A and D are the correct answers.