Oracle 11g RAC环境下的ORA - 19606问题

在刚刚接手Oracle时，这个问题困扰了我一段时间，现在将问题的解决过程分享一下

1. 运行环境描述

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系统环境：CentOS 6.4

软件环境：11gR2

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备份脚本如下

# !/bin/bash
# Name: rmanbk_level0.sh
# Created on NOV. 11, 2014
# @author: TinaBan
# Description: The script is used to make the zero level backup for the orcl Library

# The definition of the variable
lock_file=/tmp/rmanbk.lock
oracleid=$(cat /etc/passwd|grep oracle|awk -F: '{print $3}')

# Check the script to run or not
if [ -f $lock_file ];then
        pid=`cat $lock_file`
        ps $pid &> /dev/null
        [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Script is running..." && exit 1
fi

# Create process lock
echo $$ > $lock_file

# Only allows the oracle to run
[ $UID -ne $oracleid ] && echo "Please run as oracle !!" && exit 4

# To set environment variables
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=orcl1
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

echo on
rman target /  msglog=/storage/script/log/rmanbk_level0_`date +%Y'-'%m'-'%d'-'%H':'%M':'%S`.log <<EOF
RUN {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database format '/storage/arch/rman/rmanbk_level0_%d_%I_%s_%p_%T.bkp';
crosscheck archivelog all;
backup archivelog all format '/storage/arch/rman/rmanbk_archivelog_%d_%I_%s_%p_%T.bkp';
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
delete noprompt expired backupset;
release channel c1;
}
exit
EOF
echo off

2. 报错信息

RMAN-06207: WARNING: 1 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN-06208:          to mismatched status.  Use CROSSCHECK command to fix status
RMAN-06210: List of Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: =========================================================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Datafile Copy   +DATA/orcl/snapc_orcl.f

3. 临时处理方案

RMAN> crosscheck backupset;

RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 2 days
Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Control File Copy     5      12-DEC-14          +DATA/orcl/snapc_orcl.f

RMAN> delete noprompt obsolete;

RMAN-00571: ====================================================
RMAN-00569: ===============ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ====================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of delete command on c2 channel at 11/20/2014 09:03:14
ORA-19606: Cannot copy or restore to snapshot control file

RMAN> show snapshot controlfile name;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f'; # default

RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f_bak';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f_bak';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> crosscheck controlfilecopy  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=80 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
validation failed for control file copy
control file copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f RECID=2 STAMP=863884566
Crosschecked 1 objects

RMAN> delete expired controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=80 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
List of Control File Copies
=============================================================================
Key     S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
2       X 17-NOV-14       67553950   17-NOV-14
        Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f
        Tag: TAG20141117T155602

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted control file copy
control file copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f RECID=2 STAMP=863884566
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects

RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f_bak';
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name clear;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value

4. 通过上面的常规操作暂时解决了问题，但没几天就会再次出现相同的问题

RMAN-00571: ==========================================================
RMAN-00569: ================= ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===================
RMAN-00571: ==========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of Control File and SPFILE Autobackup command on c1 channel at 12/12/2014 01:05:19
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system

上面的常规操作只能暂时解决问题，不能解决根本问题，于是翻阅官方文档得到以下信息

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从11gR2开始，在备份控制文件时不再需要锁住controlfile enqueue
对于非RAC环境的数据库没有任何的改变
但是对于RAC环境，因为控制文件备份机制的改变
集群中的所有节点都必须能够访问快照控制文件，所以快照控制文件要对所有实例可见
如果快照控制文件没有放到共享设备上，当rman备份快照控制文件时就会出现以上的错误

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6. 根据得到的信息将控制文件快照放到共享存储之后就没有再出现上面的错误了

RMAN> show snapshot controlfile name;

RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/storage/snap_control/snapcf_%d_%I_%s_%p_%T.f';

# 也可以指定到对应的ASM磁盘组（磁盘组不支持通配符命名）
RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '+DATA/orcl/snapcf_orcl.f';  

总结：

在出现问题时我们都习惯用自己的经验采用常规的手法去解决问题

但有时候翻阅官档是个不错的选择

虽然官档不能告诉你具体的操作步骤，却可以给予解决根本问题的正确指引

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