web.xml配置加载优先级

当web项目启动服务器（tomcat）时，首先加载web.xml,加载完成后才会启动项目。

<display-name>项目名</display-name>

加载web.xml时最先加载其中的 < context-param >和< listener>节点。

< context-param >加载项目配置文件和log4j配置等

    <!-- 加载项目配置文件 -->
<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            classpath:applicationContext-*.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- log4j 配置 开始 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>logbackConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:logback.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
        <param-value>dgztc-web</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>ch.qos.logback.ext.spring.web.LogbackConfigListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

然后根据指定的地址加载< filter>过滤器

<!-- 项目请求编码 utf-8 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

加载顺序：< context-param > 优先于< listener>优先于< /filter>。这些都是在项目启动前加载的。

servlet是在项目启动后，第一次请求时创建的，所有必须在以上节点之后进行加载。

    <!-- spring DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:dispatcher-*.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

设置项目启动完成跳转到指定欢迎页

<welcome-file-list> 
        <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>  
</welcome-file-list>  

根据http请求返回的错误码设置跳转到指定的页面。

    <!-- error page -->
    <error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/views/common/error/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>403</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/views/common/error/403.jsp</location>
    </error-page>