【平台运维】Linux基本维护方法
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查看更新记录
less /var/log/apt/history.logroot@atlas02:~# less /var/log/apt/history.log Start-Date: 2020-09-04 15:34:17 Commandline: apt install nmap Requested-By: apulis_admin (1004) Install: liblinear3:arm64 (2.1.0+dfsg-2, automatic), nmap:arm64 (7.60-1ubuntu5), liblua5.3-0:arm64 (5.3.3-1ubuntu0.18.04.1, automatic) End-Date: 2020-09-04 15:34:19 Start-Date: 2020-09-07 15:46:16 Commandline: apt install cpu-checker Install: cpu-checker:arm64 (0.7-0ubuntu7) End-Date: 2020-09-07 15:46:17 Start-Date: 2020-09-08 17:15:08 Commandline: apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common portmap Upgrade: rpcbind:arm64 (0.2.3-0.6, 0.2.3-0.6ubuntu0.18.04.1) End-Date: 2020-09-08 17:15:11 Start-Date: 2020-09-10 14:47:11 Commandline: apt upgrade Install: gcc-10-base:arm64 (10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04, automatic), motd-news-config:arm64 (10.1ubuntu2.10, automatic), python3-netifaces:arm64 (0.10.4-0.1build4, automatic), linux-headers-4.15.0-117-generic:arm64 (4.15.0-117.118, automatic), linux-image-4.15.0-117-generic:arm64 (4.15.0-117.118, automatic), linux-modules-4.15.0-117-generic:arm64 (4.15.0-117.118, automatic), libnetplan -
配置apt安装源
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.save vim /etc/apt/sources.list # 将http://archive.ubuntu.com和http://security.ubuntu.com替换成http://repo.huaweicloud.com，可以参考如下命令： sed -i "s@http://.*archive.ubuntu.com@http://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list sed -i "s@http://.*security.ubuntu.com@http://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list # 详细链接参考如下 deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse -
查看可升级的版本
do-release-upgrade -cUbuntu强制升级命令
sudo update-manager -d -
查询dns
dig baidu.com @114.114.114.114 nslookup baidu.com -
查看是否有GPU资源
lspci | grep -i NVIDIA -
docker 清楚缓存
docker system prune --volumesdocker -
登陆samba共享目录
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列出某个IP地址所提供的共享文件夹
smbclient -L 198.168.0.1 -U username%password
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像ftp客户端一样使用smbclient
smbclient //192.168.0.1/public -U username%password # 执行smbclient命令成功后，进入smbclient环境，出现提示符：smb:/> # 这里有许多命令和ftp命令相似，如cd 、lcd、get、megt、put、mput等。通过这些命令，我们可以访问远程主机的共享资源。 ```smbclient //192.168.0.1/publi -
直接一次性使用smbclient命令
smbclient -c "ls" //192.168.0.1/public -U username%password # 和 smbclient //192.168.0.1/public -U username%password smb:/>ls # 功能一样的。 -
创建一个共享文件夹
smbclient -c "mkdir share1" //192.168.0.1/public -U username%password 如果用户共享//192.168.0.1/public的方式是只读的，会提示NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED making remote directory /share1 -
挂载samba到本地
# 挂载命令 mount -t cifs //10.31.3.222/haiyuan.bian /mnt/samba -o username=haiyuan.bian,password=haiyuan # /etc/fstab方式挂载 //10.31.3.222/haiyuan.bian /mnt/samba cifs username=haiyuan.bian,password=haiyuan 0 0
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查看主板序列号
dmidecode | more Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes Base Board Information 主板型号/主板信息 Manufacturer: Intel Corporation Product Name: DG43GT Version: AAE62768-300 Serial Number: BTGT9340022N -
查看是否为SSD硬盘
因为SSD是非转动盘，如果返回结果为0说明是SSD硬盘，如果返回结果为1，说明是转动盘HDD类的硬盘。cat /sys/block/sda/queue/rotational #表明sda这块硬盘是固态硬盘(SSD) 0 -
配置 GIT 编码
git config --global core.quotepath false git config --global gui.encoding utf-8 git config --global i18n.commit.encoding utf-8 git config --global i18n.logoutputencoding utf-8 export LESSCHARSET=utf-8 -
设置iptables禁止外网访问
设置只允许指定ip地址访问指定端口
1、在tcp协议中，禁止所有的ip访问本机的1521端口。
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 1521 -j DROP
2、允许192.168.1.123访问本机的1521端口
iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.123 -p tcp --dport 1521 -j ACCEPT
最后，保存当前规则
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
service iptables restartiptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 13025 -j DROP iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.100.23 -p tcp --dport 130 iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.100.33 -p tcp --dport 130 # 保存Iptables设置 iptables-save > /etc/iptables-rules ip6tables-save > /etc/ip6tables-rules -
删除5天前的文件
find /oss/bt_backup -mtime +6 -name "*.tar.gz" | xargs -I {} rm -rf {} find ./ -mtime +6 -name "*" | xargs -I {} rm -rf {}
- 删除15天以前的日志
find . -mtime +15 -type f | xargs rm -rf
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清理系统空间
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37407756/article/details/79903 -
系统用户
cat /etc/passwd
- 修改用户名
sudo usermod -l NEW_USERNAME OLD_USERNAME *usermod: user john is currently used by process 1532* pkill -u john 1532 - 修改用户ID
usermod -u [NEW_USER_ID] [USERNAME]
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Refer:How to Change or Rename Username and UID in Linux
How to Set Default User for Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Distro in Windows 10
linux delete useruserdel -r -f HwHiAiUser [creater user accout](https://www.tecmint.com/add-users-in-linux/) useradd -u 1680 -m HwHiAiUser
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断电续传
rsync -P --rsh='ssh -p 22' home.tar root@192.168.205.34:/home/home.tar` rsync -P -r --rsh=ssh testops@192.168.1.222:/data/InstallPanBackup/amd64_Ubuntu_18.04.1_LTS . -
配置静态路由
ifconfig enp189s0f0 192.168.1.181 netmask 255.255.255.0 up ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev enp5s0 proto static ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev enp189s0f0 proto static ip route del default via 172.168.1.1 dev enp6s0f1 proto static ip route del default via 172.168.1.1 dev enp197s0 proto static apt-get update && apt-get autoremove -
atp brokern 处理
apt-get update && apt-get autoremove apt-get install -y --fix-broken # 如果是python相关包有问题，则执行，否则不用 # apt-get purge python* && apt-get autoclean && apt-get install python* dpkg --configure -a apt install -y python3.6若出现lsb_release -a 文件不存在
apt-get install -y lsb-core -
X Server打开firefox 中文乱码
ubuntu 支持的语言设置
locale -a hadoop@dataeyes2:~$ locale -a C C.UTF-8 en_US.utf8 POSIX
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安装语言包
apt-cache search language-pack-zh # 根据搜索的情况安装 sudo apt-get install -y language-pack-zh-hans # 安装 -
增加语言设置
sudo vim /etc/default/locale # vim /etc/default/locale 输入以下内容 LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LANGUAGE="zh_CN.utf8" LC_ALL="zh_CN.utf8"系统需要注销重新登录
sudo apt-get install -y ttf-wqy-microhei ttf-wqy-zenhei xfonts-wqy #文泉驿-微米黑 文泉驿-正黑 文泉驿-点阵宋体关闭并重新打开firefox
使用支持XServer的终端模拟器，比如MobaXterm;新打开一个本地对话，加上 -x 选择，如下：
ssh -X root@192.168.1.23 # 输入密码登录 firefox # 打开远程firefox Ctrl C # 关闭或打开 killall firefox # 如果再次打开提示有已经运行的，则尝试消除可能运行的所有firefox firefox
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