Linux当中的一些名词理解

Linux当中的一些名词理解

shell

The shell is the program which actually processes commands and returns output. Most shells also manage foreground and background processes, command history and command line editing. These features (and many more) are standard in bash, the most common shell in modern linux systems.

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Bash

最先是有 Bourne shell,Developed by Stephen Bourne at Bell Labs。后来 Richard Stallman 发现不够好用，让 Brian Fox 写了一个替代品就叫Bash。
The name itself is an acronym(缩写词), a pun（双关语）. As an acronym, it stands for Bourne-again shell, referring to its objective as a free replacement for the Bourne shell. As a pun, it expressed that objective in a phrase that sounds similar to born again, a term for spiritual rebirth.

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What’s A “Terminal?”

It’s a program called a terminal emulator. This is a program that opens a window and lets you interact with the shell. There are a bunch of different terminal emulators you can use. Most Linux distributions supply several, such as: gnome-terminal, konsole, xterm, rxvt, kvt, nxterm, and eterm.

或者参考另一个答案：
A terminal refers to a wrapper program which runs a shell. Decades ago, this was a physical device consisting of little more than a monitor and keyboard. As unix/linux systems added better multiprocessing and windowing systems, this terminal concept was abstracted into software. Now you have programs such as Gnome Terminal which launches a window in a Gnome windowing environment which will run a shell into which you can enter commands.

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What is console

The console is a special sort of terminal. Historically, the console was a single keyboard and monitor plugged into a dedicated serial console port on a computer used for direct communication at a low level with the operating system. Modern linux systems provide virtual consoles. These are accessed through key combinations (e.g. Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F1; the function key numbers different consoles) which are handled at low levels of the linux operating system – this means that there is no special service which needs to be installed and configured to run. Interacting with the console is also done using a shell program.

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shell,terminal,console 的对比

参考 StackOverflow的高票答案. 有疑惑就浏览这些答案。