Solaris 命令行 简单手册

Solaris 命令行 简单手册

2007年06月20日 星期三 14:25

1. 系统 # passwd：修改口令 # exit：退出系统 2. 文件 # cp：复制文件或目录，参数：-a递归目录，-i覆盖确认 # mv：改名移动 # rm：删除，参数：-r递归删除 3. 目录 # mkdir：创建目录 # rmdir：删除空目录 # cd：改变工作目录 # pwd：查看当前路径 # ls：列目录，参数：-a所有文件，-c按时间排序，-l详细信息 4. 文本 # sort：排序 # uniq：删除重复行 5. 备份压缩 # tar：档案，参数：-c创建新档案，-r追加到末尾，-t列出档案内容，-u更新文件，-x释放文件，-f使用档案文件或设备，-M多卷，-v详细报告，-w每步确认。例tar cvf text.tar *.txt # gzip：压缩解压缩，参数：-d解压，-r递归压缩 # unzip：解压缩，参数：-d目录，-x解压缩 6. 权限 # chmod：改变权限，r可读，w可写，x可执行。0表示没有权限，1表示可执行权限，2表示可写权限，4表示可读权限，然后将其相加。例如，如果想让某个文件的属主有“读/写”二种权限，需要把4（可读）+2（可写）＝6（读/写）。 # chgrp：改变所属用户组 # chown：改变属主 7. 管理 # wall：发送信息到全部登录用户 # write：向某个用户发送信息 # mesg y：设定允许别人给自己发送信息 # sync：缓存同步校验 # shutdown：关机，参数：-r重启，-h关机不重启，-f快速关机，-c取消关机 # free：查看内存 # uptime：显示系统运行时间 # df：磁盘占用空间，参数：-a显示所有文件系统 # du：磁盘使用情况 # dd：拷贝并格式转换 # fdformat：低格软盘 # echo：显示文字 # cal：日历 # date：系统日期和时间 # clear：清屏 8. 我的回忆 by tom2sun # who：查看当前用户 # finger：查看其他用户信息 # rlogin：远程登录 # rcp：远程复制 # netstat：网络状态 # cat：一次完全显示 # more：分屏显示 # file：列出文件类型 # grep：查找内容 # find：查找文件 # ps：当前运行程序，参数-a显示所有进程 # at：时间，命令，Ctrl+D结束 # lp：打印 # nice：指定优先级 # renice：调整优先级 # kill：终止进程 # man：获取命令帮助 # touch：改变时间记录 # ln：链接 # mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/dos：挂载Dos分区(不适用于Unix-Center) 9. FTP # ftp：启动FTP程序 ftp> open：打开 close：关闭 bye：离开 get：下载 put：上传 mget/mput：多个文件下载/上传 reget：恢复下载 binary：二进制传送文件 ascii：ASCII码传送 cd：改变远程目录 lcd：改变本地目录 mkdir：建目录 rmdir：删除目录 delete：删除文件 mdelete：一次删除多个 rename：重命名 status：显示状态 prompt：交互式 hash：每传送1024字节显示#（hash） size：显示文件大小 reset：重置 10. vi a,i：进入输入状态 ESC：返回命令状态 :命令模式 Q!：退出 11. 快键及其他 Alt+F1~F6：访问多个虚拟控制台(不适用于Unix-Center) Tab：命令补全 末尾&：后台进程 ---------------------------------------- SysAdmin Commands Debugging    truss executable /* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */      truss -f -p <pid of a shell> /* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */   Arp, ethernet trouble shooting      arp -a . /* Shows the ethernet address arp table */      arp -d myhost /* Delete a stale ethernet entry for host myhost */   Disk Commands      du -k . /* Reports disk space used in Kilobytes */      du -sk . /* Reports only total disk space used in Kilobytes */      du -sk *|sort -k1,1n /* Reports total disk space used in Kilobytes in present directory */    du -ad /var | sort -nr /* Tells you how big the /var files are in reverse order */      fdformat -d -U /* Format diskette */      /usr/bin/iostat -E /* Command to display drives statistics */      /bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom /* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */      newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1 /* To view the superfblocks available */      prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 /* Disk geometry and partitioning info */      quot -af /* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */   Driver Parameters      ndd /dev/ip /? /* Shows IP variables in the kernel */      ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding /* Tells you if forwarding is on (=1) */      ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1 /* Enables IP forwarding between interfaces */   File Manipulation      dos2unix | -ascii <filename> /* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */      split /* Split files into pieces */      [vi] : %s/existing/new/g /* Search and Replace text in vi */      [vi] :set nu /* Set line numbers in vi */      [vi] :set ts=[num] /* Set tab stops in vi */   File System      cat /dev/null > filename /* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */      dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096 /* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */      df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount /* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */      fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 /* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */      fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 /* Check answering yes to all questions */      fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 /* Check using an alternate super block */      gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf - /* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */      gzip -d -c tarball.tgz | (cd /[dir];tar xf - ) & /* Unpacking tarballs to diff location */      ln [-fhns] <source file> <destination file> /* Creating hard links and soft links */      ls -la | awk '{ print $5,"     ",$9 }' | sort -rn /* File sizes of current directory */      mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos /* Mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris */      mount -F ufs -o rw,remount / /* Used to remount root to make it writeable */      mount -o remount,logging /spare /* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */      pax -rw . /newdir /* Efficient alternative for copying directories */      prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2 /* Cloning Partitiontables */      tar cvf filename.tar /* Create a tape (tar) archive */      tar xvf filename.tar /* Extract a tape (tar) archive */      tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -) /* Recursively copy files and their permissions */      /sbin/uadmin x x /* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */      zcat [cpio file] | cpio -itmv /* Show the contents of a compressed cpio */      zcat <patch_file.tar.Z | tar xvf - /* Extract the patch_file that is a compressed tar file */   File Transfer      get filename.suffix |"tar xf -" /* Undocumented Feature of FTP */      put "| tar cf - ." filename.tar /* Undocumented Feature of FTP */      find . -depth | cpio -pdmv /path/tobe/copied/to /* Fast alternative to cp -pr */      sendport /* Transferring large numbers of files within the same ftp control session */   General      /usr/bin/catman -w /* Create windex databases for man page directories */      FQ_FILENAME=<fully_qualified_file_name>; echo ${FQ_FILENAME%/*} /* Extract directory from fully-qualified file name. */      mailx -H -u <username> /* List out mail headers for specified user */      set filec /* Set file-completion for csh */      uuencode [filename] [filename] | mailx -s "Subject" [user to mail] /* Send files as attachments */   Hardware      cfgadm /* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */      m64config -prconf /* Print M64 hardware configuration */      m64config -depth 8|24 /* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */      m64config -res 'video_mode' /* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */   Kernel      /usr/sbin/modinfo /* Display kernel module information */      /usr/sbin/modload <module> /* Load a kernel module */      /usr/sbin/modunload -i <module id> /* Unload a kernel module */      nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more /* Tuneable kernel parameters */      /usr/sbin/sysdef /* Show system kernal tunable details */   Memory      prtconf | grep Mem /* Display Memory Size */   Network Information      ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report /* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */      netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l /* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */      netstat -k hme0 /* Undocumented netstat command */      netstat -i /* Show the TCP/IP network interfaces */      netstat -np /* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */      netstat -r /* Show network route table */      netstat -rn /* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */      netstat -a | more /* Show the state of all sockets */      traceroute <ipaddress> /* Follow the route to the ipaddress */   Network/Tuning      ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500 /* Change MTU of interface */      ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 /* Add an Interface */      /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx /* Virtual Interfaces */      /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up /* Bring virtual interface up */      /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1 /* Nailling to 100Mbps */      ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192 /* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */      ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535 /* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers */      ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535 /* Increase TCP-receivebuffers */   Processes      fuser -uc /var /* Processes that are running from /var */      kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'` /* HUP any related process in one step */      lsof -i TCP:25 /* Mapping port with process */      pfiles <pid> /* Shows processes' current open files */      pkill -n <name> /* Kill a process by name */      kill `ps -ef | grep program_name | grep -v grep | cut -f8 -d ' '` /* pkill for solaris 2.6 */      prstat -a /* An alternative for top command */      /usr/ucb/ps -aux | more /* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */      /usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep <process name> /* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */      ps -ef | grep -i <string> | awk '{ print $2 }' /* Creates list of running PID by */      ps -ef | grep -v "0:00" | more /* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */      ps -ef | more /* Show all processes running */      ps -eo pid,args /* List processes in simplified format */      ps -fu oracle|grep pmon /* See which instances of Oracle are running */      /usr/proc/bin/ptree <pid> /* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */      /usr/proc/bin/pwdx <pid> /* Print the working directory of a process */      top -b 1 /* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */   Resource Management      /usr/bin/ldd [filename] /* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */      /usr/proc/bin/pmap pid /* Report address space map a process occupies */   Route Configuration      route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1 /* Adds route to 128.50 network via 128.50.1.6 */      route change 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.5 /* Changes the destination address for a route */      route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 /* Deletes route to 128.50 network */      route get [hostname] /* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */      route monitor /* Monitors traffic to the routes */      route flush /* Removes all entries in the route table */   Searching Items      egrep "patterna|patternb" <filename> /* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */      find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} /; /* Find a string in files starting cwd */      find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print /* Find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */      find . -mtime -1 -type f /* Find recently modified files */       find / -mtime <# of days> /* Find files modified during the past # of days */    find . ! -mtime -<days> | /usr/bin/xargs rm -rf /* Finds and removes files older than <days> specified */      find . -type f -exec grep "<sub-string>" {} /; -print /* Find files (and content) containing <sub-string> within directory tree */      find . -type f -exec grep -l "<sub-string>" {} /; /* Find filenames containing <sub-string> within directory tree */      find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i [PATTERN] /* Recursive grep on files */      find / -user <username> /* Find all files owned by <username> */      find / | grep [file mask] /* Fast way to search for files */      find <start_path> -name "<file_name>" -exec rm -rf {} /; /* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */      find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls /* Find large files held open by a process */      ls -lR | grep <sub_string> /* Fast alternative to find */   Security      echo 'Please go away' > /etc/nologin /* Stops users logging in */      find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls /* Find all your writable directories */      find / -type f -perm -2000 -print /* Find all SGID files */      find / -type f -perm -4000 -print /* find all SUID files */   Set Terminal Options      stty erase ^H /* Sets the Backspace Key to erase */      stty erase ^? /* Sets the Delete Key to erase */      stty sane /* Rreset terminal after viewing a binary file. */      tput rmacs /* Reset to standard char set */   Snoop Your Network      snoop -d pcelx0 /* Watch all network packets on device pcelx0 */      snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0 /* Saves packets from device pcelx0 to a file */      snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2 /* View packets from logfile between host1 & host2 */      snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101 /* Show all info on packet number 101 from a logfile */      snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1 /* Write a new logfile with all host1 packets */      snoop -s 120 /* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */      snoop -v arp /* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */   Swap File      mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap /* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */      mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap /* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile */   Swap Space      swap -s /* List the amount of swap space available, also see mkfile */      swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile /* Add a swapfile */      swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4 /* Deletes a swap device */      swap -l /* List the current swap devices */   System Configuration      drvconfig ; disks /* Adding hot-plug disks to system */      /usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false /* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */      /usr/sbin/eeprom diag-switch? true /* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */      /usr/sbin/eeprom local-mac-address?=true /* Multiple Port Network Card Setting */      /usr/sbin/grpck /* Check /etc/group file syntax */      /usr/sbin/pwck /* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */      /usr/sbin/sys-unconfig /* Clear host specific network configuration information */   System Information and Monitoring      coreadm -e log /* Report global core */      /bin/echo "0t${stamp}>Y/n<Y=Y" | adb /* Convert UNIX timestamp to something human-readable */      /usr/sbin/eeprom /* Show eeprom parameters */      grep "/-root" /var/adm/sulog | grep -v /+ | tail -25 /* List most recent attempts to switch to superuser account. */      isainfo -bv /* Quickly checkout if machine is in 32 or 64 bit mode */      last /* Tells who was or still is on the system */      logger -i /* Log the process ID */      psradm -f [processor id] /* Take processor offline */      /usr/sbin/prtconf -vp /* Show system configuration details */      /usr/platform/`/bin/uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v /* System Diagnostics */      prtconf -pv | grep banner-name |awk -F/' ' { print $2 } ' | head -1 /* Show actual model name of machine */      psrinfo | wc -l /* Display number of processors */      sar -A <time in sec> /* Provides cumulative system report. */      sar -a <time in sec> /* Report use of file access system routines. */      sar -u /* Report CPU Utilization */      telnet <remote machine> 13 | grep ':' /* Get the time on remote Unix machine */      uname -a /* Displays system information */      vmstat 10 /* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */      who -b /* Displays the date of the last system reboot. */      ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4 /* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */