监听配置文件路径：$ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/listener.ora


静态监听：如果知道数据库的信息，可以先在监听文件里面配置好要监听的数据库的实例名，并配置server名称，这种就是静态监听，因为这个监听服务器是由监听程序发起的，所以状态一直是UNKNOWN，且数据库关闭后这个监听还会存在;


===配置静态listener.ora文件

[oracle@microserver02 admin]$ vi listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.5.4.69)(PORT = 1527))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME =XIAMEN01)
      (ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME =testdb)
    )
    (SID_DESC &