注:本文转自http://www.cnblogs.com/fygh/archive/2011/09/20/2182512.html,只是为了存档,日后学习时可以快速查找。
一. 背景:
我们管理和维护的数据库系统基本都是7*24小时运转的,运转时会出现什么情况谁都无法估计,往往一个平时运行很正常的系统,某天晚上突然就抽风了,而此刻并没有系统负责人在旁边,当值班同事的电话打到正在酣睡的DBA手机上时,DBA不得不朦朦胧胧的,条件反射要上数据库看看;要在家里连到公司的内外一般都需要DBA通知运维人员(也可能是个在做梦的哥们)先给自己开个VPN(某些管控严格的公司还需要DBA打车去公司才能处理),然后通过一大堆的验证才通过慢如蜗牛(往往也和此刻的心态有关)的网络,远程连接到了公司内网出问题的数据库上,此刻DBA才开始真正开始排查起问题来;如果说等待DBA登录到问题数据库上,问题依然在出现,那还算好,可以很快找到问题并处理,但是往往这种抽风的现象是短暂的,可能持续几分钟后,系统又恢复了正常,等到DBA"跑山涉水,翻山越岭" 的好不容易登录到数据库上检查时,数据库里的进程、锁、日志一起都正常,系统运行的很Hai;于是第二天上班时老大们问起昨天晚上事故的原因时,DBA只能凭空猜测,可能是网络、数据库阻塞、抑或是程序方面的问题吧......,此刻不同部门的人都猜是其他部门管理的东西出了问题,于是大家都把手头上的数据、监控图拿出来,证明自己这里是没有问题的;如果监控网络和系统的图和APP的Log都没用出现啥问题(说实话监控也不一定准确的),那就基本要把问题推到数据库身上了(DBA往往成为炮灰)。
数据库有没有出问题,如果出了问题又是啥问题呢?windows Log和DB Log都没异常,如果我们没有把Profile持续的开启(基于性能的考虑,一般都不会持续开启),就很难说清楚在系统出问题时数据库究竟有没有出问题,出了问题又是因为什么原因引起的;如果说此类问题出现了一次,就消失了,那还算好,成为一个无头案,悲剧的是这类问题无规律,反复的出现,如果DBA不能找出问题的原因,也不能证明数据库当时是正常的话,估计在公司里面就没用立足之地了。
二 . 对策:
其实对这种灵异的系统抽风事件,有两种比较好的解决方案:
1. 开启Trace 跟踪,就是数据库的Profile功能 ,这个还可以结合windows的性能计数器一同使用,能够直观的了解到特殊时间点上运行了什么语句,资源消耗情况是怎样的;不过这个方法比较消耗系统的资源,对访问压力比较大的数据库需要慎重;
2. 收集数据库DMV当时的情况,使得DBA在故障时间过后,还能通过这些数据了解到事故发生时,数据库里面运行的语句,以及锁和资源的情况;这种方法只是访问系统性能视图,对数据库其他业务影响比较小,也是我接下来要介绍的方案。
三. 实施方案:
思路:根据数据库中某些动态指标,触发收集DMV的过程,必要时发送报警邮件
1. 创建存储系统性能视图的表:
--创建四个记录表 USE[master] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[dc_block_info] Script Date: 05/23/2011 11:35:48 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATETABLE[dbo].[dc_block_info]( [spid][smallint]NULL, [status][nchar](30) NULL, [SQLBuffer][nvarchar](max) NULL, [hostname][nchar](128) NULL, [BlkBy][varchar](10) NULL, [BlockedSQLBuffer][nvarchar](max) NULL, [LoginName][varchar](100) NULL, [DBName][varchar](50) NULL, [CPUTime][int]NULL, [DiskIO][int]NULL, [LastBatch][datetime]NULL, [program_name][nchar](128) NULL, [Command][varchar](100) NULL, [batch_id][int]NULL ) ON[PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO USE[master] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[dc_Blocked_Resource_Info] Script Date: 05/23/2011 11:35:48 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATETABLE[dbo].[dc_Blocked_Resource_Info]( [spid][smallint]NULL, [dbid][smallint]NOTNULL, [ObjId][int]NOTNULL, [IndId][smallint]NOTNULL, [Type][nvarchar](4) NULL, [Resource][nvarchar](32) NULL, [Mode][nvarchar](8) NULL, [Status][nvarchar](5) NULL, [batch_id][int]NULL ) ON[PRIMARY] GO USE[master] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[dc_info_BlockedInfo] Script Date: 05/23/2011 11:35:48 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATETABLE[dbo].[dc_info_BlockedInfo]( [batch_id][int]NULL, [lock_type][varchar](100) NULL, [database_name][varchar](20) NULL, [blk_object][varchar](100) NULL, [lock_req][varchar](100) NULL, [waiter_sid][int]NULL, [wait_time][int]NULL, [waiter_batch][varchar](max) NULL, [waiter_stmt][varchar](max) NULL, [blocker_sid][int]NULL, [blocker_stmt][varchar](max) NULL, [create_date][datetime]NULL ) ON[PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO USE[master] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[dc_info_SessionConn] Script Date: 05/23/2011 11:35:48 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATETABLE[dbo].[dc_info_SessionConn]( [batch_id][int]NULL, [session_id][int]NULL, [blocking_session_id][int]NULL, [textdata][varchar](max) NULL, [login_name][varchar](30) NULL, [host_name][varchar](100) NULL, [database_name][varchar](30) NULL, [program_name][varchar](200) NULL, [command][varchar](100) NULL, [status][varchar](20) NULL, [cpu_time][int]NULL, [memory_usage_kb][int]NULL, [reads][int]NULL, [writes][int]NULL, [transaction_isolation_level][int]NULL, [connect_time][datetime]NULL, [last_read][datetime]NULL, [last_write][datetime]NULL, [net_transport][varchar](20) NULL, [client_net_address][varchar](30) NULL, [client_tcp_port][int]NULL, [local_tcp_port][int]NULL, [start_time][datetime]NULL, [wait_time][int]NULL, [wait_type][varchar](100) NULL, [last_wait_type][varchar](100) NULL, [wait_resource][varchar](1000) NULL, [open_transaction_count][int]NULL, [create_date][datetime]NULL ) ON[PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO
2. 定义性能收集的存储过程:
USE[master] GO --数据库的阻塞和锁信息,该SP可以记录session中显示不出的信息 createprocedure[dbo].[usp_blocker_info](@batch_idint) as begin set nocount on declare@spidsmallint,@blockedsmallint declare@c_SQLnvarchar(4000),@b_SQLnvarchar(4000) declare@idint --保存Sysprocesses 的内容 createtable #Temp(spid smallint,status nchar(30),hostname nchar(128),program_name nchar(128) ,cmd nchar(16),cpu int,physical_io int,blocked smallint,dbid smallint ,loginame nchar(128),last_batch datetime ,SQLBuffer nvarchar(4000),BlockedSQLBuffer nvarchar(4000)) --保存DBCC InputBuffer 的结果 createtable #Temp1(id intidentity(1,1),eventtype varchar(20),parameters int,eventinfo nvarchar(4000)) createtable #Temp_b(id intidentity(1,1),eventtype varchar(20),parameters int,eventinfo nvarchar(4000)) select*into #Temp2 from master..sysprocesses (nolock) --保存被阻塞的进程信息 insertinto #Temp(spid ,status ,hostname ,program_name ,cmd ,cpu ,physical_io ,blocked ,dbid ,loginame ,last_batch ) SELECT spid ,status ,hostname ,program_name ,cmd ,cpu ,physical_io ,blocked ,dbid ,convert(sysname, rtrim(loginame)) ,last_batch from #Temp2 where blocked >0 --保存阻塞的源头 insertinto #Temp(spid ,status ,hostname ,program_name ,cmd ,cpu ,physical_io ,blocked ,dbid ,loginame ,last_batch ) SELECT spid ,status ,hostname ,program_name ,cmd ,cpu ,physical_io ,blocked ,dbid ,convert(sysname, rtrim(loginame)) ,last_batch from #Temp2 where spid in (select blocked from #Temp) and spid notin (select spid from #Temp) select@spid=min(spid) from #Temp while@spidisnotnull begin set@c_SQL='dbcc inputbuffer('+convert(varchar(5), @spid) +')' select@blocked=isnull(blocked,0) from #Tempwhere spid=@spid if(@blocked<>0) begin set@b_SQL='dbcc inputbuffer('+convert(varchar(5), @blocked) +')' insertinto #Temp_b exec (@b_SQL) select@id=@@identity update #Temp set BlockedSQLBuffer = #Temp_b.eventinfo from #Temp,#Temp_b where #Temp_b.id =@id and #Temp.blocked =@blocked end insertinto #Temp1 exec (@c_SQL) select@id=@@identity update #Temp set SQLBuffer = #Temp1.eventinfo from #Temp,#Temp1 where #Temp1.id =@id and #Temp.spid =@spid select@spid=min(spid) from #Tempwhere spid >@spid end insertinto dc_block_info(batch_id,spid,status,SQLBuffer,hostname,BlkBy,BlockedSQLBuffer,LoginName,DBName, CPUTime,DiskIO,LastBatch,program_name,Command) SELECT@batch_id,convert(char(5),spid) SPID,CASElower(status) When'sleeping'Thenlower(status) Elseupper(status) END Status ,SQLBuffer , CASE hostname WhenNullThen' .'When''Then' .'Else hostname END HostName ,CASEisnull(convert(char(5),blocked),'0') When'0'Then' .' Elseisnull(convert(char(5),blocked),'0') END BlkBy,BlockedSQLBuffer ,loginame Login ,db_name(dbid) DBName,convert(varchar,cpu) CPUTime ,convert(varchar,physical_io) DiskIO,Last_Batch LastBatch ,program_name ProgramName, cmd Command from #Temp orderby BlkBy, spid set nocount off end Go USE[master] GO --预警SP CREATEproc[dbo].[RecodeAndAlertInfo] as begin declare@banch_idint select@banch_id=isnull(MAX(batch_id),0)+1from dc_info_SessionConn --记录当前所有会话信息 insertinto dc_info_SessionConn SELECT@banch_id,S.session_id, R.blocking_session_id, current_execute_sql =SUBSTRING(T.text, R.statement_start_offset /2+1, CASE WHEN statement_end_offset =-1THENLEN(T.text) ELSE (R.statement_end_offset - statement_start_offset) /2+1 END), S.login_name,S.host_name,databaseName=DB_NAME(R.database_id),S.program_name,R.command, S.status,S.cpu_time, memory_usage_kb = S.memory_usage *8, S.reads, S.writes, S.transaction_isolation_level,C.connect_time, C.last_read, C.last_write, C.net_transport, C.client_net_address, C.client_tcp_port, C.local_tcp_port, R.start_time, R.wait_time, R.wait_type, R.last_wait_type, R.wait_resource, R.open_transaction_count,GETDATE() FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions S LEFTJOIN sys.dm_exec_connections C ON S.session_id = C.session_id LEFTJOIN sys.dm_exec_requests R ON S.session_id = R.session_id AND C.connection_id = R.connection_id OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(R.sql_handle) T WHERE S.is_user_process =1-- 如果不限制此条件,则查询所有进程(系统和用户进程) AND command isnotnull --记录当前阻塞信息 insertinto dc_info_BlockedInfo select@banch_id,t1.resource_type as[lock type] ,db_name(resource_database_id) as[database] ,t1.resource_associated_entity_id as[blk object] ,t1.request_mode as[lock req]-- lock requested ,t1.request_session_id as[waiter sid]-- spid of waiter ,t2.wait_duration_ms as[wait time] ,(selecttextfrom sys.dm_exec_requests as r --- get sql for waiter cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) where r.session_id = t1.request_session_id) as waiter_batch ,(selectsubstring(qt.text,r.statement_start_offset/2, (casewhen r.statement_end_offset =-1thenlen(convert(nvarchar(max), qt.text)) *2 else r.statement_end_offset end- r.statement_start_offset)/2) from sys.dm_exec_requests as r cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) as qt where r.session_id = t1.request_session_id) as waiter_stmt --- statement executing now ,t2.blocking_session_id as[blocker sid]--- spid of blocker ,(selecttextfrom sys.sysprocesses as p --- get sql for blocker cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(p.sql_handle) where p.spid = t2.blocking_session_id) as blocker_stmt,getdate() from sys.dm_tran_locks as t1, sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks as t2 where t1.lock_owner_address = t2.resource_address --记录资源信息 insertinto dc_Blocked_Resource_Info selectconvert (smallint, req_spid) As spid, rsc_dbid As dbid, rsc_objid As ObjId, rsc_indid As IndId, substring (v.name, 1, 4) As Type, substring (rsc_text, 1, 32) as Resource, substring (u.name, 1, 8) As Mode, substring (x.name, 1, 5) As Status ,@banch_id from master.dbo.syslockinfo, master.dbo.spt_values v, master.dbo.spt_values x, master.dbo.spt_values u where master.dbo.syslockinfo.rsc_type = v.number and v.type ='LR' and master.dbo.syslockinfo.req_status = x.number and x.type ='LS' and master.dbo.syslockinfo.req_mode +1= u.number and u.type ='L' andsubstring (x.name, 1, 5) ='WAIT' orderby spid exec usp_blocker_info @banch_id end GO
3. 创建信息收集和邮件报警的SP:
说明:
SP定义了一个邮件发送的过程,需要先配置好数据库的邮件发送(google一下很多的);
SP需要做到JOB里面,一分钟运行一次收集信息;
SP收集信息时的条件(不同的系统触发条件不一样):
a. 用户链接数大于550,活动链接数大于40;
b. 阻塞进程比率大于10%;
USE[master] GO --创建触发监控条件,并发邮件 CREATEproc[dbo].[ConAlert] as begin DECLARE@connfloat ,@activeconnfloat ,@blockedcountfloat,@spidcountfloat,@spidblockedfloat ,@countint DECLARE@bodyNVARCHAR(MAX),@subjectnvarchar(200) -- User Connections Select@conn=ISNULL(cntr_value,0) from sys.dm_os_performance_counters with(nolock) where counter_name='User Connections' if@conn>=550--根据用户链接数来收集信息和触发报警 begin --active requests Select@activeconn=isnull(SUM(cntr_value),0) from sys.dm_os_performance_counters with(nolock) where counter_name ='Active requests' groupby counter_name set@count=1 if@activeconn>=40--根据活动链接数来判断 begin while1=1--循环收集信息 begin exec RecodeAndAlertInfo if(@count%5=0) --连续次就发邮件 begin set@subject='Server:'+@@SERVERNAME+' Connections Alert' SET@body='Server:'+@@SERVERNAME+CHAR(13)+'; UserConnections:'+cast(@connasvarchar)+CHAR(13)+'; ActiveRequests:'+cast(@activeconnasvarchar) EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @recipients=N'Ken@xxx.com;itmon@xxx.com', @body=@body, @body_format='TEXT', @subject=@subject, @profile_name='dba_profile'--需要配置该模板 end Select@activeconn=isnull(SUM(cntr_value),0) from sys.dm_os_performance_counters with(nolock) where counter_name ='Active requests' groupby counter_name if@activeconn>=40 waitfor delay '00:00:05' else break; if@count>50 break; set@count=@count+1; end end end else--根据Blocked 百分比来收集信息和触发报警 begin select@spidcount=count(0) from sys.sysprocesses with(nolock) where spid>50 select@blockedcount=count(0) from sys.sysprocesses with(nolock) where spid>50and blocked<>0 --计算百分比 set@spidblocked=@blockedcount/@spidcount set@count=1 if(@spidblocked>=0.1) --10%时,记录信息 begin while1=1--循环收集信息 begin exec RecodeAndAlertInfo if(@count%5=0or@spidblocked>=0.15) --连续5次阻塞比率大于10%或者阻塞比率大于等于15%时,记录信息并发生报警邮件 begin set@subject='Server:'+@@SERVERNAME+' Blocked Alert' SET@body='Server:'+@@SERVERNAME+CHAR(13)+'; BlockedCount:'+cast(@blockedcountasvarchar)+CHAR(13)+'; SPIDCount:'+cast(@spidcountasvarchar) EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @recipients=N'Ken@xxx.com', @body=@body, @body_format='TEXT', @subject=@subject, @profile_name='dba_profile' end select@spidcount=count(0) from sys.sysprocesses with(nolock) where spid>50 select@blockedcount=count(0) from sys.sysprocesses with(nolock) where spid>50and blocked<>0 set@spidblocked=@blockedcount/@spidcount if@spidblocked>=0.1 waitfor delay '00:00:05' else break; if@count>50 break; set@count=@count+1; end end end end
4. 查看信息:
USE[master] GO --通过以下查询来分析信息 declare@batch_idint select@batch_id=isnull(MAX(batch_id),1) from dc_info_SessionConn select*from dc_info_SessionConn where batch_id=@batch_id select*from dc_info_BlockedInfo where batch_id=@batch_id select*from dc_block_info where batch_id=@batch_id select*from dc_Blocked_Resource_Info where batch_id=@batch_id
有了这些阻塞、进程和资源的信息,我们就可以了解系统出问题时,数据库是否出现异常,以及数据库异常时都有些什么语句在系统中运行,它们是否造成了大量的阻塞或消耗了大量的资源;这样DBA就方便定位问题了。