C++ DELETE 操作

 在C++中delete指针前不用进行指针是否为空的判断，因为delete的实现已经做了这件事情！
    使用delete来delete已释放的指针是一个严重的错误，所以要在delete完一个指针后手动把它置空！
因为delete空指针是安全的。

    以下是Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ Style and Technique FAQ中的 

Why doesn't delete zero out its operand?

Consider delete p; // ... delete p; If the ... part doesn't touch p then the second "delete p;" is a serious error that a C++ implementation cannot effectively protect itself against (without unusual precautions). Since deleting a zero pointer is harmless by definition, a simple solution would be for "delete p;" to do a "p=0;" after it has done whatever else is required. However, C++ doesn't guarantee that. One reason is that the operand of delete need not be an lvalue. Consider: delete p+1; delete f(x); Here, the implementation of delete does not have a pointer to which it can assign zero. These examples may be rare, but they do imply that it is not possible to guarantee that ``any pointer to a deleted object is 0.'' A simpler way of bypassing that ``rule'' is to have two pointers to an object: T* p = new T; T* q = p; delete p; delete q; // ouch! C++ explicitly allows an implementation of delete to zero out an lvalue operand, and I had hoped that implementations would do that, but that idea doesn't seem to have become popular with implementers. If you consider zeroing out pointers important, consider using a destroy function: template<class T> inline void destroy(T*& p) { delete p; p = 0; } Consider this yet-another reason to minimize explicit use of new and delete by relying on stadard library containers, handles, etc. Note that passing the pointer as a reference (to allow the pointer to be zero'd out) has the added benefit of preventing destroy() from being called for an rvalue: int* f(); int* p; // ... destroy(f()); // error: trying to pass an rvalue by non-const reference destroy(p+1); // error: trying to pass an rvalue by non-const reference

虽然以下的代码我在GCC可以编译通过，并且可以运行，但是结果会导致未定义行为！！！

#include <iostream> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {     std::cout<<"Hello, world"<<'\n';          int *i = new int(10) ;     std::cout<<i<<std::endl ;     delete i ;     std::cout<<i<<std::endl ;     delete i ;     return 0; }

   上述代码的运行结果与编译器相关。（在VC2005中release也能运行，但是在debug模式就会抛异常）
   所以避免造成这种错误，在delete一个指针后对其置空！另外，只能delete由new分配的内存，而且要匹配格式。
    此外，根据exception c++上说的原则： 永远不要多态地处理数组.
    例如：

class D : public B {     /*******/ }; B *pb = new D[10] ; delete[] pb ; //导致未定义行为 //所以优先使用vector和deque而不是数组