CentOS7.4部署Python3+Django+uWSGI+Nginx

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 02:00:00 发布

菲宇

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 02:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： # Django

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一. 系统环境配置
1.关闭iptables和selinux

su - root
service iptables stop
setenforce 0
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
修改
SELINUX=disabled

2.添加本地host DNS

# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    django.example.com

二. Python配置
1.安装python3.6.5源及依赖包

# yum install epel-release -y
# yum groupinstall "Development tools" -y
# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel zx-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel -y

2.编译安装python3.6.5以及pip package manager

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz --no-check-certificate
# tar xf Python-3.6.5.tar.xz
# cd Python-3.6.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-ensurepip=install --enable-shared LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib"
# make && make altinstall

3.安装virtualenv

# pip3.6 install --upgrade pip
# pip3.6 install virtualenv

三. Nginx配置
1. 安装nginx package
# yum install nginx -y
2.配置nginx with nWSGI

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/django.conf
server {
    listen  80;
    server_name  django.example.com; 
    charset utf-8;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/django_access.log;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/django_error.log;
    
    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    location /static/ {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com;
    }
    client_max_body_size 20M;  
    location / {
        include         uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass      unix:/etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.sock;
        uwsgi_read_timeout 30s;
        uwsgi_send_timeout 30s;
    }
}

四. Django+uWSGI配置
1. uWSGI配置

# mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi
# vi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.ini
[uwsgi]
project = django.example.com
base = /data/www
chdir = %(base)/%(project)
home = %(base)/%(project)/.py3env
module = myproject.wsgi:application
pidfile = /tmp/uwsgi-master-django.pid
master = true
processes = 2
enable-threads = true
# use unix socket because it is more secure and faster than TCP socket
socket = /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.sock
chmod-socket = 660
uid = nginx
gid = nginx
vacuum = true
die-on-term = true
logto = /var/log/nginx/uwsgi-django.log

2. 配置Django base folder

# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
# mkdir django.example.com
# cd django.example.com
# virtualenv -p /usr/local/bin/python3 .py3env

3. 开启virtualenv python3环境
# source .py3env/bin/activate
4. 在此环境安装Django相关模块
# pip install django uwsgi PyMySQL
5. 创建uWSGI启动脚本

# mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/bin
# vi /etc/systemd/system/uwsgi-django.service
[Unit]
    Description=uWSGI instance to serve myproject
[Service]
    BASE=/data/www/django.example.com
    ENV=$BASE/.py3env
    ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/bash -c 'chown -R nginx:nginx /etc/uwsgi'
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/bash -c 'source /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com/.py3env/bin/activate; uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.ini'

[Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

五. Django项目配置
1. 保证virtualenv python3环境开启
# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com/
# source .py3env/bin/activate
2.创建一个Django项目
# django-admin startproject myproject .
3.添加static目录
# vi myproject/settings.py
末行添加:
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
4.创建本地SQLlite文件
Tip:这里使用SQLlite代替其他数据库作为我们项目的DB

# ./manage.py makemigrations
# ./manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
5.创建项目管理员账户
# ./manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root
Email address: admin@admin.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

6.生成项目静态文件目录
# ./manage.py collectstatic
7.修改wsgi入口文件
# vi myproject/wsgi.py
import os
import sys
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myproject.settings")
sys.path.append('/usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com')
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()
8.添加ALLOWED_HOSTS
# vi myproject/settings.py
Update:
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['django.example.com']
9. 修改权限(可执行并保持与nginx启动user一致)
# chmod -R 755 /etc/uwsgi
# chown -R nginx:nginx /etc/uwsgi
# chmod -R 755 /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com
# chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com
10.启动nginx+uwsgi
# systemctl restart nginx
# systemctl restart uwsgi-django

python manage.py runserver 来运行服务器，但这只适用测试环境中使用。

正式发布的服务，我们需要一个可以稳定而持续的服务器，比如apache, Nginx, lighttpd等，本文将以 Nginx 为例。
安装基础开发包

Centos 下安装步骤如下：

yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel
"Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

CentOS 自带 Python 2.4.3，但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5：

cd ~
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.7.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall
~
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.7.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall

安装Python包管理

easy_install 包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

安装步骤:

cd ~
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
cd distribute-0.6.49
python2.7 setup.py install
easy_install --version
~
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
cd distribute-0.6.49
python2.7 setup.py install
easy_install --version

pip 包: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

安装 pip 的好处是可以用 pip list、pip uninstall 管理 Python 包， easy_install 没有这个功能，只有 uninstall。
安装 uwsgi

uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI

uwsgi 参数详解：http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

pip install uwsgi
uwsgi --version # 查看 uwsgi 版本
--version # 查看 uwsgi 版本

测试 uwsgi 是否正常：

新建 test.py 文件，内容如下：

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return "Hello World"

然后在终端运行：

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
--http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

在浏览器内输入：http://127.0.0.1:8001，查看是否有"Hello World"输出，若没有输出，请检查你的安装过程。
安装 Django

pip install django

测试 django 是否正常，运行：

django-admin.py startproject demosite
cd demosite
python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002
-admin.py startproject demosite
cd demosite
python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

在浏览器内输入：http://127.0.0.1:8002，检查django是否运行正常。
安装 Nginx

安装命令如下：

cd ~
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.5.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
~
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.5.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install

uwsgi 配置

uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式，本文以 ini 为例，在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini，添加如下配置：

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true         //主进程
vhost = true          //多站模式
no-site = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
workers = 2           //子进程数
reload-mercy = 10     
vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件
max-requests = 1000   
limit-as = 512
buffer-size = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件，用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log
uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true         //主进程
vhost = true          //多站模式
no-site = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
workers = 2           //子进程数
reload-mercy = 10     
vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件
max-requests = 1000   
limit-as = 512
buffer-size = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件，用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

Nginx 配置

找到nginx的安装目录（如：/usr/local/nginx/），打开conf/nginx.conf文件，修改server配置：

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        location / {            
            include  uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，“.”相当于一层目录
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录
            index  index.html index.htm;
            client_max_body_size 35m;
        }
    }
{
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        location / {            
            include  uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，“.”相当于一层目录
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录
            index  index.html index.htm;
            client_max_body_size 35m;
        }
    }

设置完成后，在终端运行：

uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini &
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
--ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini &
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

在浏览器输入：http://127.0.0.1，你就可以看到 django 的 "It work" 了。

菲宇

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