linux学习笔记10-DHCP服务器

 

DHCP服务器

DHCP服务器的工作原理

DHCP＝dynamic host configuration protocal

基于TCP/IP，用于动态配置工作站的网络接口，使工作站的网络接口管理自动化

DHCP软件的安装配置

DHCP服务器软件

dhcpd网站 http://www.isc.org

最新版本下载地址： wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/misc/dhcp-4.0.0.tar.gz

yum install dhcp

tar xvzf dhcp-4.0.0.tar.gz

cd dhcp-4.0.0/

./configure

make

make install

vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

touch /var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases

dhcpd

which dhcpd //检查软件包的安装位置 /usr/sbin/dhcpd

mkdir -p /var/state/dhcp

touch /var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases

主要配置选项

1.默认网关

2.IP地址

3子网掩码

4.DNS服务器地址

5.租用时间

more /etc/dhcpd.conf

ls /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample

more /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.0.0/dhcpd.conf.sample

配置文件－ more /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style none;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.0.101;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option domain-name "chinaitlab.com";

option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.101;

range 192.168.0.200 192.168.0.250;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

host mail {

hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:6D:74:37;

fixed-address 192.168.0.101;

}

}

/usr/sbin/dhcpd启动dhcp服务器

tail /var/log/messages查看日志

more /var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases如果有客户机请求，都会反映在这里

grep bootp /etc/services 确认DHCP己启动

netstat -unl | grep 67 查看端口是否打开

Linux客户机的配置

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0;

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

或者使用netconfig配置动态地址

然后运行

service network restart

vi /etc/sysconfig/network 这里可以永久性改变hostname

怎样停止开机启动starting sendmail进程

关闭执行 starting sendmail

#chkconfig --list sendmail

#/etc/init.d/sendmail stop

#chkconfig sendmail off

启动执行 starting sendmail

客户机

more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

HWADDR=00:0c:29:f8:0d:65

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=

at now+1minutes让客户端1分钟后重启network

service network restart

tail -f /var/log/messages

windows客户机

1.打开网上邻居属性

2.打开相应连接的属性

3.找到TCP/IP配置选项

4.选择自动获得

客户机

more /etc/resolv.conf

route -n

调试

调试服务器

1.察看日志文件

tail -f /var/log/messages

2.察看租用记录文件

more /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases

调试客户机

Under linux

dhclient eth0

ipconfig /renew

ipconfig /help

案例分析

应用案例

要求：

配置一台DHCP服务器，为100台主机分配地址，使用192.168.0.0/24网段。静态主机地址如下：

默认网关：192.168.0.1

DNS服务器：192.168.0.100

邮件服务器：192.168.0.101

DHCP服务器：192.168.0.101

more /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style none;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.0.101;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option domain-name "chinaitlab.com";

option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.101;

range 192.168.0.150 192.168.0.250;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

host ns {

hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:6D:74:37;

fixed-address 192.168.0.101;

}

host mail {

hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:6D:74:37;

fixed-address 192.168.0.101;

}

}