javaweb中mysql数据库连接方法

一、直接连接，不封装到工具类中，主要步骤：

先导包:mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar(点击跳转到下载界面),放在WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib/下

  1.加载驱动//com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

  2.获取连接 Connection对象

  3.获取用于向数据库发送SQL的Statement对象
 
  4.执行sql,获取数据，解析数据
 
  5.关闭连接，释放资源

                /* 协议：子协议://主机:端口/数据库名 */
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbctest";

		// mysql数据库的用户名与密码，安装时自己设置，一般默认为root
		String user = "root";
		String password = "root";

		Connection connection = null;
		Statement statement = null;
		ResultSet resultSet = null;
		try {
			// 1.加载驱动//com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
			/*
			 * DriverManager.registerDriver(new
			 * Driver());用这种方法会加载两次驱动，也就是说会创建两个drive对象
			 */
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
			// 2.获取连接
			connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

			// 3.获取用于向数据库发送SQL的Statement对象
			statement = connection.createStatement();

			// 4.执行sql,获取数据
			resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM users;");

			// 解析数据
			while (resultSet.next()) {
				int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
				String name = resultSet.getString("name");
				String psd = resultSet.getString("password");
				String email = resultSet.getString("email");
				String birthday = resultSet.getString("birthday");

				System.out.println(id + " " + name + " " + psd + " " + email
						+ " " + birthday);
			}
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {  

                        //5.关闭连接，释放资源
			if (resultSet != null) {
				try {
					resultSet.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				resultSet = null;
			}

			if (statement != null) {
				try {
					statement.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				statement = null;
			}

			if (connection != null) {
				try {
					connection.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				connection = null;
			}
		}

二、将数据库连接封装成一个工具类

这样做的好处是，在实际开发中，就能做到，改一处即可修改全局。

1.建一个名为db.properties的配置文件，放于src/

url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbctest
username=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

2.工具类：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtil {
	
	//私有静态变量，用以读取配置文件
	private static Properties config=new Properties();
	
	static{
		try {
			//配置资源文件
			config.load(JdbcUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties"));
			
			//加载驱动
			Class.forName(config.getProperty("driver"));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public static  Connection getConnection(){
		Connection connection=null;
		try {
			connection=DriverManager.getConnection(config.getProperty("url"),config.getProperty("username"),config.getProperty("password"));
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		return connection;
	}
	//用以关闭连接，释放资源
	public static void releaseConn(Connection connection, Statement statement,
			ResultSet resultSet) {
		if(resultSet!=null){
			try {
				resultSet.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			resultSet=null;
		}
		
		if(statement!=null){
			try {
				statement.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			statement=null;
		}
		
		if(connection!=null){
			try {
				connection.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			connection=null;
		}
	}
	

}

3.使用实例：

                Connection connection = null;
		Statement statement = null;
		ResultSet resultSet = null;
		try {
			// 调用工具类中的静态方法来获取连接
			connection = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
			statement = connection.createStatement();
			resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select * from users");
			while (resultSet.next()) {
				int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
				String name = resultSet.getString("name");
				String psd = resultSet.getString("password");
				String email = resultSet.getString("email");
				String birthday = resultSet.getString("birthday");

				System.out.println(id + " " + name + " " + psd + " " + email
						+ " " + birthday);

			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 调用工具类中的静态方法来关闭连接，释放资源
			JdbcUtil.releaseConn(connection, statement, resultSet);
		}
	}