1.1,概述
1.2,网络通信的要素
1.3,IP
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress name = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(name);
InetAddress name3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(name3);
InetAddress name4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(name4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress name1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(name1);
//常用方法
System.out.println(name1.getAddress());
System.out.println(name1.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(name1.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(name1.getHostName());//域名,自己的电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4,端口
Telnet
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress address2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(address);
System.out.println(address2);
System.out.println(address.getAddress());
System.out.println(address.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(address.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5,通信协议
1.6,TCP
客户端:
1,连接服务器Scoket
2,发送消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket =null;
OutputStream os =null;
try {
//1,要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverId = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2,创建一个socket连接
socket=new Socket(serverId,port);
//3,发送消息 IO流
os= socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好!欢迎学习Java".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器:
1,建立服务的端口ServerScoket
2,等待用户的链接accept
3,接受用户的消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket socket =null;
Socket socket1 =null;
InputStream is=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;
try {
//1,我得有一个地址
socket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2,等待客户端连过来
socket1 = socket.accept();
//3,读取客户端的消息
is = socket1.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos= new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket1!=null){
try {
socket1.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1,创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2,监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞监听会一直等待客户端连接
//3,获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4,文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
byte[] buffer =new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1,创建一个Scoket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2,创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3,文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("tx.png"));
//4,写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7,Tomcat
1.8,UDP
发送消息
package lession03;
import java.net.*;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1,建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2,建个包
String msg="你好啊!服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3,发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4,关闭包
socket.close();
}
}
接受端
package lession03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据库包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭链接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UdpSender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,从控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接受消息
package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询
两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接受方
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据,从控制台读取System.in
reader= new BufferedReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
try {
socket= new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接收
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9909)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8808,"老师")).start();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8808)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9909,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.9,URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
package lesson04;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1,下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210131142102/20fc48ad3b8841cb7fc59f1e7e1d8c52/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/4156790189/27e8/8feb/51b7/64d53344a18f7d836267e46e5eb38efd.m4a");
//2,连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("j.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
注:本笔记于b站up主“遇见狂神说”
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LJ411z7vY
处学习记录,仅供学习与参考