JavaSE-网络编程知识点

1.1,概述

1.2,网络通信的要素

image-20210130212127736

1.3,IP

image-20210130212744840

package lesson01;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress name = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(name);

            InetAddress name3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(name3);

             InetAddress name4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(name4);



            //查询网站ip地址
            InetAddress name1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(name1);

            //常用方法
            System.out.println(name1.getAddress());
            System.out.println(name1.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(name1.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(name1.getHostName());//域名,自己的电脑的名字


        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

image-20210130214123417

1.4,端口

image-20210130214641315

Telnet

image-20210130215544002

package lesson01;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        InetSocketAddress address2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);


        System.out.println(address);
        System.out.println(address2);

        System.out.println(address.getAddress());
        System.out.println(address.getHostName());//地址
        System.out.println(address.getPort());//端口

    }
}

image-20210130215800576

1.5,通信协议

image-20210130220452287

image-20210130220523274

image-20210130220824158

1.6,TCP

客户端:

1,连接服务器Scoket

2,发送消息

package lesson02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream os =null;

        try {
            //1,要知道服务器的地址,端口号
            InetAddress serverId = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");

            int port=9999;
            //2,创建一个socket连接
            socket=new Socket(serverId,port);
            //3,发送消息 IO流
           os= socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好!欢迎学习Java".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }if (os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }

    }

}

服务器:

1,建立服务的端口ServerScoket

2,等待用户的链接accept

3,接受用户的消息

package lesson02;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket socket =null;
        Socket socket1 =null;
        InputStream is=null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;
        try {
            //1,我得有一个地址
            socket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true){
                //2,等待客户端连过来
                socket1 = socket.accept();
                //3,读取客户端的消息
                is = socket1.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                baos= new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    baos.write(buffer,0,len);
                }

                System.out.println(baos.toString());



            }



        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源

            if (baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket1!=null){
                try {
                    socket1.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }


        }
    }

}

文件上传

服务器端

package lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1,创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2,监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞监听会一直等待客户端连接
        //3,获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();


        //4,文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));

        byte[] buffer =new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接收完毕了

        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();

    }
}

客户端

package lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1,创建一个Scoket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2,创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        //3,文件流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("tx.png"));
        //4,写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知服务器,我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了


        //确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());


        //关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }

}


1.7,Tomcat

image-20210131123317106

1.8,UDP

发送消息

package lession03;

import java.net.*;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1,建立一个Socket

        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2,建个包
        String msg="你好啊!服务器";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;
        //数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);

        //3,发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //4,关闭包
        socket.close();

    }

}

接受端

package lession03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据库包

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));

        //关闭链接
        socket.close();


    }
}

循环发送消息

package chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;

public class UdpSender {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据,从控制台读取System.in

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));

        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();

            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }

        }
      socket.close();

    }
}

循环接受消息

package chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpReceive {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);


        while (true){
            //准备接收
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收包裹
            //断开连接
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(receiveData);
            if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }



        }

    socket.close();

    }
}

在线咨询

两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接受方

package chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements  Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;
    BufferedReader reader =null;

    private  int fromPort;
    private  String toIP;
    private  int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
           socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            //准备数据,从控制台读取System.in
            reader= new BufferedReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));

        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {




        while (true){
            String data = null;
            try {
                data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }



        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package chat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
        try {
            socket= new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {



        while (true){
               try {
                   //准备接收
                   byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                   DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);

                   socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收包裹
                //断开连接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(receiveData);
                   System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

package chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9909)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8808,"老师")).start();
    }
}

package chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8808)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9909,"学生")).start();
    }
}

1.9,URL

统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源

package lesson04;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class URLDown {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1,下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210131142102/20fc48ad3b8841cb7fc59f1e7e1d8c52/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/4156790189/27e8/8feb/51b7/64d53344a18f7d836267e46e5eb38efd.m4a");
        //2,连接到这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("j.m4a");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据

        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();

    }
}


注:本笔记于b站up主“遇见狂神说”
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LJ411z7vY
处学习记录,仅供学习与参考


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