检测两台服务器指定目录下的文件一致性
#!/bin/bash
dir=/data/web
b_ip=192.168.88.10
find $dir -type f|xargs md5sum > /tmp/md5_a.txt
ssh $b_ip "find $dir -type f|xargs md5sum > /tmp/md5_b.txt"
scp $b_ip:/tmp/md5_b.txt /tmp
for f in `awk '{print 2} /tmp/md5_a.txt'`
do
if grep -qw "$f" /tmp/md5_b.txt
then
md5_a=`grep -w "$f" /tmp/md5_a.txt|awk '{print 1}'`
md5_b=`grep -w "$f" /tmp/md5_b.txt|awk '{print 1}'`
if [ $md5_a != $md5_b ]
then
echo "$f changed."
fi
else
echo "$f deleted."
fi
done
定时清空文件内容,定时记录文件大小
#!/bin/bash
logfile=/tmp/`date +%H-%F`.log
n=`date +%H`
if [ $n -eq 00 ] || [ $n -eq 12 ]
then
for i in `find /data/log/ -type f`
do
true > $i
done
else
for i in `find /data/log/ -type f`
do
du -sh $i >> $logfile
done
fi
检测网卡流量,并按规定格式记录在日志中
#!/bin/bash
while :
do
LANG=en
logfile=/tmp/`date +%d`.log
exec >> $logfile
date +"%F %H:%M"
sar -n DEV 1 59|grep Average|grep ens33|awk '{print $2,"\t","input:","\t",$5*1000*8,"bps","\n",$2,"\t","output:","\t",$6*1000*8,"bps"}'
echo "####################"
done
计算文档每行出现的数字个数,并计算整个文档的数字总数
#!/bin/bash
n=`wc -l a.txt|awk '{print $1}'`
sum=0
for i in `seq 1 $n`
do
line=`sed -n "$i"p a.txt`
n_n=`echo $line|sed s'/[^0-9]//'g|wc -L`
echo $n_n
sum=$[$sum+$n_n]
done
echo "sum:$sum"
杀死所有脚本
#!/bin/bash
ps aux|grep 指定进程名|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9
从FTP服务器下载文件
#!/bin/bash
if [ $
echo "Usage: $0 filename"
fi
dir=$(dirname $1)
file=$(basename $1)
ftp -n -v << EOF
open 192.168.1.10
user admin password
binary
cd $dir
get "$file"
EOF
连续输入5个100以内的数字,统计和、最小和最大
#!/bin/bash
COUNT=1
SUM=0
MIN=0
MAX=100
while [ $COUNT -le 5 ]; do
read -p "请输入1-10个整数:" INT
if [[ ! $INT =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "输入必须是整数!"
exit 1
elif [[ $INT -gt 100 ]]; then
echo "输入必须是100以内!"
exit 1
fi
SUM=$(($SUM+$INT))
[ $MIN -lt $INT ] && MIN=$INT
[ $MAX -gt $INT ] && MAX=$INT
let COUNT++
done
echo "SUM: $SUM"
echo "MIN: $MIN"
echo "MAX: $MAX"
监测Nginx访问日志502情况,并做相应动作
log=/data/log/access.log
N=30
while :
do
err=`tail -n 300 $log |grep -c '502" '`
if [ $err -ge $N ]
then
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart 2> /dev/null
sleep 60
fi
sleep 10
done
将结果分别赋值给变量
应用场景:希望将执行结果或者位置参数赋值给变量,以便后续使用。
方法1:
for i in $(echo "4 5 6"); do
eval a$i=$i
done
echo $a4 $a5 $a6
方法2:将位置参数192.168.1.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量
num=0
for i in $(eval echo $*);do
let num+=1
eval node${num}="$i"
done
echo $node1 $node2 $node3
192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12
方法3:
arr=(4 5 6)
INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})
INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})
INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})
批量修改文件名
示例:
article_1.html article_2.html article_3.html
目的:把article改为bbs
方法1:
for file in $(ls *html); do
mv $file bbs_${file
done
方法2:
for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*html"); do
mv $file bbs_${file
done
方法3:
统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大小
方法1:
方法2:
for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk '{print $5}'); do
sum=$(($sum+$size))
done
echo $sum
扫描主机端口状态
#!/bin/bash
HOST=$1
PORT="22 25 80 8080"
for PORT in $PORT; do
if echo &>/dev/null > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT; then
echo "$PORT open"
else
echo "$PORT close"
fi
done
输入数字运行相应命令
#!/bin/bash
echo "*cmd menu* 1-date 2-ls 3-who 4-pwd 0-exit "
while :
do
read -p "please input number :" n
n1=`echo $n|sed s'/[0-9]//'g`
if [ -z "$n" ]
then
continue
fi
if [ -n "$n1" ]
then
exit 0
fi
break
done
case $n in
1)
date
;;
2)
ls
;;
3)
who
;;
4)
pwd
;;
0)
break
;;
*)
echo "please input number is [1-4]"
esac
Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令
Expect是一个自动交互式应用程序的工具,如telnet,ftp,passwd等。
需先安装expect软件包。
方法1:EOF标准输出作为expect标准输入
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $USER@$IP
expect {
"(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$PASS\r"}
}
expect "$USER@*" {send "$1\r"}
expect "$USER@*" {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
EOF
方法2:
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect -c "
spawn ssh $USER@$IP
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"df -h\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}
}"
方法3:将expect脚本独立出来
登录脚本:
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
set cmd [lindex $argv 3]
if { $argc != 4 } {
puts "Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd"
exit 1
}
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
"(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "$user@*" {send "$cmd\r"}
expect "$user@*" {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
执行命令脚本:写个循环可以批量操作多台服务器
HOST_INFO=user_info.txt
for ip in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_INFO)
do
user=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
pass=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1
done
Linux主机SSH连接信息:
192.168.1.120 root 123456
监控httpd的进程数,根据监控情况做相应处理
#!/bin/bash
check_service()
{
j=0
for i in `seq 1 5`
do
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart 2> /var/log/httpderr.log
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
break
else
j=$[$j+1]
fi
if [ $j -eq 5 ]
then
mail.py
exit
fi
done
}
while :
do
n=`pgrep -l httpd|wc -l`
if [ $n -gt 500 ]
then
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
check_service
else
sleep 60
n2=`pgrep -l httpd|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -gt 500 ]
then
mail.py
exit
fi
fi
fi
sleep 10
done
批量修改服务器用户密码
Linux主机SSH连接信息:旧密码
192.168.18.217 root 123456 22
192.168.18.218 root 123456 22
内容格式:IP User Password Port
SSH远程修改密码脚本:新密码随机生成
https://www.linuxprobe.com/books
OLD_INFO=old_pass.txt
NEW_INFO=new_pass.txt
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $OLD_INFO); do
USER=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $2}' $OLD_INFO)
PASS=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $3}' $OLD_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $4}' $OLD_INFO)
NEW_PASS=$(mkpasswd -l 8)
echo "$IP $USER $NEW_PASS $PORT" >> $NEW_INFO
expect -c "
spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$IP
set timeout 2
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\";exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\";exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"echo \'$NEW_PASS\' |passwd --stdin $USER\r exit\r\";exp_continue}
}"
done
生成新密码文件:
192.168.18.217 root n8wX3mU% 22
192.168.18.218 root c87;ZnnL 22
iptables自动屏蔽访问网站频繁的IP
场景:恶意访问,安全防范
1)屏蔽每分钟访问超过200的IP
方法1:根据访问日志(Nginx为例)
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 access.log |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
#先tail防止文件过大,读取慢,数字可调整每分钟最大的访问量。awk不能直接过滤日志,因为包含特殊字符。
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
方法2:通过TCP建立的连接
#!/bin/bash
ABNORMAL_IP=$(netstat -an |awk '$4~/:80$/ && $6~/ESTABLISHED/{gsub(/:[0-9]+/,"",$5);{a[$5]++}}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
2)屏蔽每分钟SSH尝试登录超过10次的IP
方法1:通过lastb获取登录状态:
DATE=$(date +"%a %b %e %H:%M")
ABNORMAL_IP=$(lastb |grep "$DATE" |awk '{a[$3]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
方法2:通过日志获取登录状态
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +"%b %d %H")
ABNORMAL_IP="$(tail -n10000 /var/log/auth.log |grep "$DATE" |awk '/Failed/{a[$(NF-3)]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>5)print i}')"
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
echo "$(date +"%F %T") - iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP" >>~/ssh-login-limit.log
fi
done
根据web访问日志,封禁请求量异常的IP,如IP在半小时后恢复正常,则解除封禁
#!/bin/bash
logfile=/data/log/access.log
d1=`date -d "-1 minute" +%H%M`
d2=`date +%M`
ipt=/sbin/iptables
ips=/tmp/ips.txt
block()
{
grep '$d1:' $logfile|awk '{print $1}'|sort -n|uniq -c|sort -n > $ips
for i in `awk '$1>100 {print $2}' $ips`
do
$ipt -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s $i -j REJECT
echo "`date +%F-%T` $i" >> /tmp/badip.log
done
}
unblock()
{
for a in `$ipt -nvL INPUT --line-numbers |grep '0.0.0.0/0'|awk '$2<10 {print $1}'|sort -nr`
do
$ipt -D INPUT $a
done
$ipt -Z
}
if [ $d2 -eq "00" ] || [ $d2 -eq "30" ]
then
unblock
block
else
block
fi
判断用户输入的是否为IP地址
方法1:
function check_ip(){
IP=$1
VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1< =255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$">/dev/null; then
if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
echo "$IP available."
else
echo "$IP not available!"
fi
else
echo "Format error!"
fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1
方法2:
function check_ip(){
IP=$1
if [[ $IP =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then
FIELD1=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f1)
FIELD2=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f2)
FIELD3=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f3)
FIELD4=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f4)
if [ $FIELD1 -le 255 -a $FIELD2 -le 255 -a $FIELD3 -le 255 -a $FIELD4 -le 255 ]; then
echo "$IP available."
else
echo "$IP not available!"
fi
else
echo "Format error!"
fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1
增加版:
加个死循环,如果IP可用就退出,不可用提示继续输入,并使用awk判断。
function check_ip(){
local IP=$1
VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1< =255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$" >/dev/null; then
if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
return 0
else
echo "$IP not available!"
return 1
fi
else
echo "Format error! Please input again."
return 1
fi
}
while true; do
read -p "Please enter IP: " IP
check_ip $IP
[ $? -eq 0 ] && break || continue
done