要使用Fluent API必须在构造自定义的DbContext时,重写OnModelCreating方法,在此方法体内调用Fluent API。
如下面代码所示:
public class BlogDbContext : DbContext { public BlogDbContext() : base ( " name=BlogDB2005 " ) { } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { // do something base .OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } }
下面来看一些简单的例子
主键
modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().HasKey(user => user.UserId);
联合主键
// 联合主键 modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().HasKey(user => new { user.UserId, user.BlogName });
字段非空
// 要求属性必填 modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Property(user => user.BlogName).IsRequired();
设定字段最大长度
modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Property(user => user.BlogName).HasMaxLength( 20 );
设置复杂属性,相当数据特性中的ComplexType
modelBuilder.ComplexType < Address > ();
属性字段不映射到数据表字段,相当于数据特性中的NotMapped
modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Ignore(user => user.MyProperty);
设置字段是否自动增长
// 设置自动增长,如不需要自动增长,则设为 DatabaseGeneratedOption.None modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Property(user => user.UserId) .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
设置外键
/// 产生一对多的关系 modelBuilder.Entity < Post > () .HasRequired(p => p.BlogUser) .WithMany(user => user.Posts) .HasForeignKey(p => p.UserId); /// 与上面等效 // modelBuilder.Entity<BlogUser>() // .HasMany(user => user.Posts) // .WithRequired(p => p.BlogUser) // .HasForeignKey(p => p.UserId);
设定实体映射到数据库中的表名
modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().ToTable( " MyUser " );
设置实体属性映射到数据库中的列名
modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > () .Property(user => user.Description) .HasColumnName( " userDescription " ) .HasColumnType( " ntext " );
下面给出完整代码,方便测试:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cdec0645add3fc3c328197dda5c76203.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
class FluentAPISample { static void Main( string [] args) { using (var db = new BlogDbContext()) { db.Database.Create(); } } } public class BlogDbContext : DbContext { public BlogDbContext() : base ( " name=BlogDB2005 " ) { Database.SetInitializer < BlogDbContext > ( new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges < BlogDbContext > () ); } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().HasKey(user => user.UserId); // 联合主键 // modelBuilder.Entity<BlogUser>().HasKey(user => new { user.UserId, user.BlogName }); // 设置自动增长,如不需要自动增长,则设为 DatabaseGeneratedOption.None modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Property(user => user.UserId) .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity); // 要求属性必填 modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Property(user => user.BlogName).IsRequired(); modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Property(user => user.BlogName).HasMaxLength( 20 ); modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().Ignore(user => user.MyProperty); modelBuilder.ComplexType < Address > (); /// 产生一对多的关系 modelBuilder.Entity < Post > () .HasRequired(p => p.BlogUser) .WithMany(user => user.Posts) .HasForeignKey(p => p.UserId); /// 与上面等效 // modelBuilder.Entity<BlogUser>() // .HasMany(user => user.Posts) // .WithRequired(p => p.BlogUser) // .HasForeignKey(p => p.UserId); modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > ().ToTable( " MyUser " ); modelBuilder.Entity < BlogUser > () .Property(user => user.Description) .HasColumnName( " userDescription " ) .HasColumnType( " ntext " ); base .OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } } public partial class BlogUser { public int UserId { get ; set ; } public string BlogName { get ; set ; } public int MyProperty { get ; set ; } public Address Address { get ; set ; } public string Description { get ; set ; } public virtual ICollection < Post > Posts { get ; set ; } } public partial class Post { public int PostId { get ; set ; } public string PostTitle { get ; set ; } public int UserId { get ; set ; } public BlogUser BlogUser { get ; set ; } } public partial class Address { public string Province { get ; set ; } public string City { get ; set ; } }
运行结果如下图示: