Python3中matplotlib安装和使用

更新pip的版本，适合当前Python版本

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

安装matplotlib:

python -m pip install matplotlib

如果pip的版本不对，就会出现如下错误：

C:\Users\25308>python -m pip install matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dd/73/dc25ca27a9960539ef984921b0d42368445b856ae0861c3acba542b9a39c/matplotlib-3.1.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (9.1MB)
     |███                             | 778kB 27kB/s eta 0:05:07ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 397, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 479, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 457, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 501, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 1071, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 929, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 188, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 345, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\legacy_resolve.py", line 196, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\legacy_resolve.py", line 359, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\legacy_resolve.py", line 307, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 199, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 1064, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 924, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 1152, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 861, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 75, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 829, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 156, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 818, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 531, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 496, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "C:\Users\25308\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 402, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 19.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

正确的应该为：

C:\Users\25308>python -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/b6/9cfa56b4081ad13874b0c6f96af8ce16cfbc1cb06bedf8e9164ce5551ec1/pip-19.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 19.2.3
    Uninstalling pip-19.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-19.2.3
Successfully installed pip-19.3.1

C:\Users\25308>python -m pip install matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dd/73/dc25ca27a9960539ef984921b0d42368445b856ae0861c3acba542b9a39c/matplotlib-3.1.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (9.1MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 9.1MB 312kB/s
Collecting cycler>=0.10
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/d2/e07d3ebb2bd7af696440ce7e754c59dd546ffe1bbe732c8ab68b9c834e61/cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.1 in c:\users\25308\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (2.8.1)
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c6/ea/e5474014a13ab2dcb5056608e0716c600c3d8a8bcffb10ed55ccd6a42eb0/kiwisolver-1.1.0-cp37-none-win_amd64.whl (57kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.0MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.11 in c:\users\25308\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.18.0)
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5d/bc/1e58593167fade7b544bfe9502a26dc860940a79ab306e651e7f13be68c2/pyparsing-2.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 353kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\25308\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from cycler>=0.10->matplotlib) (1.13.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\25308\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib) (41.2.0)
Installing collected packages: cycler, kiwisolver, pyparsing, matplotlib
Successfully installed cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.1.0 matplotlib-3.1.2 pyparsing-2.4.6

安装完成！

测试：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
labels='frogs','hogs','dogs','logs'
sizes=15,20,45,10
colors='yellowgreen','gold','lightskyblue','lightcoral'
explode=0,0.1,0,0
plt.pie(sizes,explode=explode,labels=labels,colors=colors,autopct='%1.1f%%',shadow=True,startangle=50)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.show()

结果：

完！！