树是由根结点和若干颗子树构成的。树是由一个集合以及在该集合上定义的一种关系构成的。集合中的元素称为树的结点,所定义的关系称为父子关系。父子关系在树的结点之间建立了一个层次结构。在这种层次结构中有一个结点具有特殊的地位,这个结点称为该树的根结点,或称为树根。
头文件 tree.h
#ifndef __TREE_H__
#define __TREE_H__
#include "error.h"
struct _treeNode; // 结构体声明
// 孩子结点链表的类型
typedef struct _childNode
{
struct _treeNode * childNode;
struct _childNode* next; // 指向孩子结点链表下一个元素
}ChildNode;
// 树节点类型
typedef char TreeData;
typedef struct _treeNode
{
TreeData data;
struct _treeNode * parent; // 指向父节点的指针
struct _treeNode * next; // 指向链表的下一个结点
struct _childNode* childList; // 孩子链表的头节点
int degree; // 结点的度
}TreeNode;
typedef struct _tree
{
struct _treeNode* head; // 树链表的头节点
int len; // 树结点个数
}Tree;
// 定义一个函数指针类型
typedef void(*TreePrint)(TreeNode *node);
Tree* Create_Tree();
// pos 代表要插入结点父亲结点的位置
// 约定:
// 1 新插入的结点插入在当前父亲结点所有孩子的右边
// 2 根节点的位置是 0
int Insert_Tree (Tree* tree, TreeData data, int pos);
// 打印树
void Display (Tree* tree, TreePrint pFunc);
// 删除结点
int Delete (Tree* tree, int pos, TreeData *x);
// 求指定位置树结点的值
int Tree_Get (Tree* tree, int pos, TreeData *x);
// 清空树中所有的节点
int Tree_Clear (Tree* tree);
// 树的销毁
void Tree_Destroy (Tree* tree);
// 获取根节点的地址
TreeNode* Tree_Root (Tree* tree);
// 求树的结点个数
int Tree_Count (Tree* tree);
// 求树的高度
int Tree_Height (Tree* tree);
// 求树的度
int Tree_Degree (Tree* tree);
// 打印
void printA (TreeNode* node);
#endif // __TREE_H__
源文件 tree.c
#include "tree.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
Tree *Create_Tree()
{
// 创建树节点
Tree* tree = (Tree*) malloc(sizeof(Tree)/sizeof(char));
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = MALLOC_ERROR;
return NULL;
}
// 给树结点链表创建头节点
tree->head = (TreeNode*) malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)/sizeof(char));
if (NULL == tree->head)
{
errno = MALLOC_ERROR;
free (tree);
return NULL;
}
tree->head->parent = NULL;
tree->head->childList = NULL;
tree->head->next = NULL; // 代表树中没有结点
// 空树结点为0
tree->len = 0;
return tree;
}
int Insert_Tree (Tree* tree, TreeData data, int pos)
{
if (NULL == tree || pos < 0 || pos > tree->len)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
if (pos != 0 && tree->len == pos)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
// 新建结点
TreeNode* node = (TreeNode*) malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)/sizeof(char));
if (NULL == node)
{
errno = MALLOC_ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
node->data = data;
node->next = NULL;
// 创建该新节点的孩子结点链表的头节点
node->childList = (ChildNode*) malloc(sizeof(ChildNode)/sizeof(char));
if (NULL == node->childList)
{
errno = MALLOC_ERROR;
free (node);
return FALSE;
}
node->childList->next = NULL;
node->childList->childNode = NULL;
node->degree = 0;
int i;
// 找父节点
TreeNode* parent = tree->head->next; // 当前树节点的第一个结点
for (i = 0; i < pos; i++)
{
parent = parent->next;
}
node->parent = parent;
// 在父亲结点的子结点链表中加入一个结点
if (parent != NULL)
{
// 创建一个孩子结点
ChildNode* childnode = (ChildNode*) malloc(sizeof(ChildNode)/sizeof(char));
if (NULL == childnode)
{
errno = MALLOC_ERROR;
free (node->childList);
free (node);
return FALSE;
}
childnode->childNode = node;
childnode->next = NULL;
// 加入到父亲结点子结点链表当中
ChildNode* tmp = parent->childList; // 子结点链表的头节点
while (tmp->next)
{
tmp = tmp->next;
}
tmp->next = childnode;
parent->degree += 1;
}
TreeNode* tmp = tree->head; // 树节点链表的头节点
while (tmp->next)
{
tmp = tmp->next;
}
tmp->next = node;
tree->len += 1;
return TRUE;
}
// 递归打印结点
void r_display (TreeNode* node, int gap, TreePrint pFunc)
{
if (NULL == node)
{
return;
}
// 打印距离前一个结点的距离
int i;
for (i = 0; i < gap; i++)
{
printf ("%c", '-');
}
// 打印结点自己
// printf ("%c\n", node->data);
pFunc (node);
ChildNode* child = node->childList->next; // 该结点的第一个孩子
// 打印该结点的孩子
while (child)
{
r_display (child->childNode, gap+4, pFunc);
child = child->next; // 下一个孩子
}
}
void Display (Tree *tree, TreePrint pFunc)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
return;
}
r_display (tree->head->next, 0, pFunc);
}
void r_delete (Tree *tree, TreeNode *node)
{
if (NULL == tree || NULL == node)
return;
// 从树链表中移除这个结点,找node的前一个结点
TreeNode* tmp = tree->head; // 链表的头节点
while (tmp->next)
{
if (tmp->next == node)
{
tmp->next = node->next;
tree->len--;
break;
}
tmp = tmp->next;
}
// 将父亲结点中子结点链表中指向node的结点删除
TreeNode* parent = node->parent;
if (NULL != parent)
{
ChildNode* tmp = parent->childList; // 子结点链表的头节点
while (tmp->next)
{
if (tmp->next->childNode == node)
{
ChildNode* p = tmp->next;
tmp->next = p->next;
free (p);
parent->degree--;
break;
}
tmp = tmp->next;
}
}
// 将该结点的孩子结点删掉
ChildNode* child = node->childList->next;
// 子结点链表中的第一个结点
while (child)
{
ChildNode* pchild = child->next;
r_delete (tree, child->childNode);
child = pchild;
}
free (node->childList);
free (node);
}
int Delete (Tree *tree, int pos, TreeData *x)
{
if (NULL == tree || pos < 0 || pos > tree->len)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
if (0 != pos && tree->len == pos)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
int i;
// 找结点
TreeNode* current = tree->head->next;
for (i = 0; i < pos; i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
*x = current->data;
r_delete (tree, current);
return TRUE;
}
int Tree_Get (Tree* tree, int pos, TreeData *x)
{
if (NULL == tree || pos < 0 || pos > tree->len)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
if (0 != pos && tree->len == pos)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
int i;
// 找结点
TreeNode* current = tree->head->next;
for (i = 0; i < pos; i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
*x = current->data;
return TRUE;
}
int Tree_Clear (Tree* tree)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
TreeData x;
return Delete (tree, 0, &x);
}
void Tree_Destroy (Tree* tree)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = ERROR;
return;
}
Tree_Clear (tree);
free (tree->head);
free (tree);
}
TreeNode* Tree_Root (Tree* tree)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = ERROR;
return NULL;
}
return tree->head->next;
}
int Tree_Count (Tree* tree)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
return tree->len;
}
// 递归求高度
int r_height (TreeNode* node)
{
if (NULL == node)
{
return 0;
}
int subHeight = 0;
int max = 0;
ChildNode* child = node->childList->next;
while (child)
{
subHeight = r_height (child->childNode);
if (subHeight > max)
{
max = subHeight;
}
child = child->next;
}
return max + 1;
}
int Tree_Height (Tree* tree)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
int height = r_height (tree->head->next);
return height;
}
// 递归求度
int r_degree (TreeNode* node)
{
if (NULL == node)
{
return 0;
}
int max = node->degree;
int subDegree = 0;
ChildNode* child = node->childList->next;
while (child)
{
subDegree = r_degree (child->childNode);
if (subDegree > max)
{
max = subDegree;
}
child = child->next;
}
return max;
}
int Tree_Degree (Tree* tree)
{
if (NULL == tree)
{
errno = ERROR;
return FALSE;
}
int degree = r_degree (tree->head->next);
return degree;
}
void printA (TreeNode* node)
{
printf ("%c\n", node->data);
}
主函数 main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "tree.h"
int main()
{
Tree* tree = Create_Tree();
if (NULL == tree)
{
myError ("Create_Tree");
return -1;
}
Insert_Tree (tree, 'A', 0);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'B', 0);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'C', 0);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'D', 0);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'E', 1);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'F', 1);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'H', 3);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'I', 3);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'J', 3);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'X', 3);
Insert_Tree (tree, 'Z', 8);
Display (tree, printA);
//printf ("删除B :\n");
TreeData x;
//Delete(tree, 1, &x);
//Display(tree, printA);
printf ("height = %d\n", Tree_Height(tree));
printf ("degree = %d\n", Tree_Degree(tree));
return 0;
}
error.h是我自己写的一个包含常见错误的头文件,这里我就不发了。