多路复用之select的用法

select API

表头文件

#include<sys/time.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>

定义函数

int select(int n,fd_set * readfds,fd_set * writefds,fd_set * exceptfds,struct timeval * timeout);

函数说明

select()用来等待文件描述词状态的改变。参数n代表最大的文件描述词加1，参数readfds、writefds 和exceptfds 称为描述词组，是用来回传该描述词的读，写或例外的状况。底下的宏提供了处理这三种描述词组的方式:

FD_CLR(inr fd,fd_set* set)；用来清除描述词组set中相关fd 的位
FD_ISSET(int fd,fd_set *set)；用来测试描述词组set中相关fd 的位是否为真（判断该文件状态是否改变）
FD_SET（int fd,fd_set*set）；用来设置描述词组set中相关fd的位
FD_ZERO（fd_set *set）； 用来清除描述词组set的全部位

参数

timeout为结构timeval，用来设置select()的等待时间，其结构定义如下

struct timeval
{
    time_t tv_sec;
    time_t tv_usec;
};

返回值

如果参数timeout设为NULL则表示select（）没有timeout。
错误代码
执行成功则返回文件描述词状态已改变的个数，如果返回0代表在描述词状态改变前已超过timeout时间，当有错误发生时则返回-1，错误原因存于errno，此时参数readfds，writefds，exceptfds和timeout的值变成不可预测。

EBADF 文件描述词为无效的或该文件已关闭
EINTR 此调用被信号所中断
EINVAL 参数n 为负值。
ENOMEM 核心内存不足

demo 判断5秒内是否有输入

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
    fd_set rfds;
    struct timeval tv;
    int retval;

    /* Watch stdin (fd 0) to see when it has input. */
    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
    FD_SET(0, &rfds);

    /* Wait up to five seconds. */
    tv.tv_sec = 5;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;

    retval = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
    /* Don't rely on the value of tv now! */

    if (retval == -1)
        perror("select()");
    else if (retval) {
        printf("retval: %d\n", retval);
        printf("Data is available now.\n");
    }
    /* FD_ISSET(0, &rfds) will be true. */
    else
        printf("No data within five seconds.\n");

    return 0;
}

select在socket中的应用（c/s模型）

服务端代码

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
        do \
        { \
                perror(m); \
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
        } while(0)

ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;
    ssize_t nread;
    char *bufp = (char*)buf;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        } else if (nread == 0)
            return count - nleft;

        bufp += nread;
        nleft -= nread;
    }

    return count;
}

ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;
    ssize_t nwritten;
    char *bufp = (char*)buf;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        } else if (nwritten == 0)
            continue;

        bufp += nwritten;
        nleft -= nwritten;
    }

    return count;
}

ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
    while (1) {
        int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
        if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
            continue;
        return ret;
    }
}

ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
    int ret;
    int nread;
    char *bufp = buf;
    int nleft = maxline;
    while (1) {
        ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        else if (ret == 0)
            return ret;

        nread = ret;
        int i;
        for (i=0; i<nread; i++) {
            if (bufp[i] == '\n') {
                ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i+1);
                if (ret != i+1)
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

                return ret;
            }
        }

        if (nread > nleft)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        nleft -= nread;
        ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
        if (ret != nread)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        bufp += nread;
    }

    return -1;
}

void echo_srv(int conn)
{
    char recvbuf[1024];
    while (1) {
        memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
        int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
        if (ret == -1)
            ERR_EXIT("readline");
        if (ret == 0) {
            printf("client close\n");
            break;
        }

        fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
        writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));
    }
}

void handle_sigchld(int sig)
{
    /*  wait(NULL);*/
    while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0)
        ;
}

void handle_sigpipe(int sig)
{
    printf("recv a sig=%d\n", sig);
}

int main(void)
{
    /*signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);*/
    signal(SIGPIPE, handle_sigpipe);
    /*  signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);*/
    signal(SIGCHLD, handle_sigchld);
    int listenfd;
    if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        /*  if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)*/
        ERR_EXIT("socket");

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    /*servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");*/
    /*inet_aton("127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);*/

    int on = 1;
    if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");

    if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("bind");
    if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("listen");

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen;
    int conn;
    int i;
    int client[FD_SETSIZE]; //支持的最大客户端连接数 数组
    int maxi = 0; //最大的不空闲的位置

    printf("FD_SETSIZE:%d \n", FD_SETSIZE);
    for (i=0; i<FD_SETSIZE; i++)
        client[i] = -1;

    int nready;
    int maxfd = listenfd;
    fd_set      rset;
    fd_set      allset;

    FD_ZERO(&rset);
    FD_ZERO(&allset);
    FD_SET(listenfd, &allset);
    printf("FD_SETSIZE:%d \n", FD_SETSIZE);
    while (1) {
        rset = allset;
        //listenfd 可读，表示有客户端连接进来了，可以建立一个新的连接
        nready = select(maxfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (nready == -1) {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;

            ERR_EXIT("select");
        }
        if (nready == 0)
            continue;

        if (FD_ISSET(listenfd, &rset)) { //若侦听套接口产生可读事件 说明3次握手已完成，有客户端已经连接建立
            peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
            conn = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr, &peerlen); //处理accept
            if (conn == -1)
                ERR_EXIT("accept");

            for (i=0; i<FD_SETSIZE; i++) {
                if (client[i] < 0) {
                    client[i] = conn;
                    if (i > maxi)
                        maxi = i;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (i == FD_SETSIZE) {
                fprintf(stderr, "too many clients\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            printf("ip=%s port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

            FD_SET(conn, &allset); //把新的连接 放入集合中
            if (conn > maxfd)  //同时按照条件，更新maxfd  //维护最大描述符
                maxfd = conn;

            if (--nready <= 0)
                continue;

        }

        for (i=0; i<=maxi; i++) { //检测已连接的调节字conn是否可读
            conn = client[i];
            if (conn == -1)
                continue;

            if (FD_ISSET(conn, &rset)) { //当前连接是否可读 状态改变置1
                char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
                int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
                if (ret == -1)
                    ERR_EXIT("readline");
                if (ret == 0) {
                    printf("client close\n");
                    FD_CLR(conn, &allset); //若对方已退出 从集合中清除
                    client[i] = -1; //保存连接的数组 也置成-1 //也可进一步控制 若i是把maxfd，需要把maxifd变成第二大maxifd
                    close(conn);
                }

                fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
                writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));

                if (--nready <= 0)
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

客户端程序

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
        do \
        { \
                perror(m); \
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
        } while(0)

ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;
    ssize_t nread;
    char *bufp = (char*)buf;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        } else if (nread == 0)
            return count - nleft;

        bufp += nread;
        nleft -= nread;
    }

    return count;
}

ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;
    ssize_t nwritten;
    char *bufp = (char*)buf;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        } else if (nwritten == 0)
            continue;

        bufp += nwritten;
        nleft -= nwritten;
    }

    return count;
}

ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
    while (1) {
        int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
        if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
            continue;
        return ret;
    }
}


ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
    int ret;
    int nread;
    char *bufp = buf;
    int nleft = maxline;
    while (1) {
        ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        else if (ret == 0)
            return ret;

        nread = ret;
        int i;
        for (i=0; i<nread; i++) {
            if (bufp[i] == '\n') {
                ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i+1);
                if (ret != i+1)
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

                return ret;
            }
        }

        if (nread > nleft)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        nleft -= nread;
        ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
        if (ret != nread)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        bufp += nread;
    }

    return -1;
}

void echo_cli(int sock)
{
    fd_set  rset;
    FD_ZERO(&rset);

    int     nready;
    int     maxfd;
    int     fd_stdin = fileno(stdin);

    if (fd_stdin > sock)
        maxfd = fd_stdin;
    else
        maxfd = sock;

    char sendbuf[1024] = {0};
    char recvbuf[1024] = {0};

    while (1) {
        FD_SET(fd_stdin, &rset);
        FD_SET(sock, &rset);
        nready = select(maxfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (nready == -1)
            ERR_EXIT("select");

        if (nready == 0)
            continue;

        if (FD_ISSET(sock, &rset)) {
            int ret = readline(sock, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf));
            if (ret == -1)
                ERR_EXIT("readline");
            else if (ret == 0) {
                printf("server close\n");
                break;
            }

            fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
            memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
        }
        if (FD_ISSET(fd_stdin, &rset)) {
            if (fgets(sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), stdin) == NULL)
                break;
            writen(sock, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf));
            memset(sendbuf, 0, sizeof(sendbuf));
        }
    }

    close(sock);
}

void handle_sigpipe(int sig)
{
    printf("recv a sig=%d\n", sig);
}

int main(void)
{
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
    int sock;
    if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("connect");

    struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(localaddr);
    if (getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("getsockname");

    printf("ip=%s port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(localaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(localaddr.sin_port));


    echo_cli(sock);

    return 0;
}