Servlet监听器

监听器

Servlet规范中定义的一种特殊的组件，用来监听Servlet容器产生的事件并进行相应的处理

容器产生的两大类事件：
生命周期相关的事件
绑定数据相关的事件


绑定数据相关的事件

调用了request，session，ServletContext 的 setAttribute、removeAttribute方法时产生的事件
ServletRequestAttributeListener
attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
HttpSessionAttributeListener
attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent event);
attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent event);
attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent event);
ServletContextAttributeListener
attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event);
attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event);
attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event);


生命周期相关的事件

容器创建或者销毁request，session，ServletContext时产生的事件
ServletRequestListener
requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre)
requestInitialized (ServletRequestEvent sre)
HttpSessionListener
sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)
sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se)
ServletContextListener
contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce)

contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)

绑定数据相关的事件案例：

1、web.xml

 <!--绑定数据相关的事件-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

2、MyServletContextAttributeListener.java

package com.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;

public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        System.out.println("attributeAdded...");
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        System.out.println("attributeRemoved...");
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        System.out.println("attributeReplaced...");
    }
}

3、截图

生命周期相关的事件案例：

统计网站在线人数

1、web.xml

 <!--监听器-->
    <!--生命周期相关的事件-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.listener.UserAccessCountListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

2、index.jsp(使用el表达式)

在线人数: ${count}

3、UserAccessCountListener.java

package com.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class UserAccessCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    private void add(HttpSession session, int add) {
        ServletContext context = session.getServletContext();
        Object attribute = context.getAttribute("count");
        int count = attribute == null ? 0 : (int) attribute;

        synchronized (this) {
            count += add;
        }
        context.setAttribute("count", count);
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        HttpSession session = se.getSession();
        session.setMaxInactiveInterval(30);//单位为秒，设置为-1则永不过期
        System.out.println(session.getId() + "被创建...");
        add(session, 1);
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        HttpSession session = se.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getId() + "被销毁...");
        add(session, -1);
    }
}

4、截图