虚拟机安装MySQL8

一  创建虚拟机

1. 登录

1. 配置ifcfg-ens33

 

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ppp       ifup-eth     ifup-sit ifcfg-lo     ifdown-routes    ifup-ippp    ifup-Team ifdown       ifdown-sit       ifup-ipv6    ifup-TeamPort ifdown-bnep  ifdown-Team      ifup-isdn    ifup-tunnel ifdown-eth   ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-plip    ifup-wireless ifdown-ippp  ifdown-tunnel    ifup-plusb   init.ipv6-global ifdown-ipv6  ifup             ifup-post    network-functions ifdown-isdn  ifup-aliases     ifup-ppp     network-functions-ipv6 ifdown-post  ifup-bnep        ifup-routes

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens33

(3)修改机器名

[root@localhost network-scripts]# hostname

localhost.localdomain

[root@localhost network-scripts]# hostnamectl set-hostname test1

[root@localhost network-scripts]# source

-bash: source: filename argument required

source: usage: source filename [arguments]

[root@localhost network-scripts]# bash

[root@test1 network-scripts]#   

（4）配置机器映射

[root@test1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.7.31 test1

(5)拼网

[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network restart

 

①ping www.baidu.com  连接外网

 

②连接内网 Windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts-->192.168.7.31 test1

1. 连接xshell
2. 配置vim

[root@test1 ~]# yum install -v vim

 

 

1. 暂停防火墙和禁用防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl diable firewalld

 

1. 配置时间同步器

yum install -y ntpdate

ntpdate time.windows.com

 

二  解压文件到/usr/local/下

（1）

[root@kb129 ~]# cd /opt/

[root@kb129 opt]# rm -rf ./kb23/

[root@kb129 opt]# mkdir -p ./kb23/shell/

（2）

①tar -xvf ./mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/

②回车运行等待加载

三 更改原名字为mysql8

①进入安装目录

[root@localhost shell]# cd  /usr/local/

②查看安装目录/usr/local/下是否存在安装文件mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

[root@localhost local]# ls

bin  data  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  

libexec  mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src

③修改mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64名字为mysql8

[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql8

④查看是否修改成功

[root@localhost local]# ls

bin  data  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql8  sbin  share  src

四 根目录etc/profile中添加全局变量

①进入根目录etc中查看文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/

[root@localhost etc]# ls

②添加全局变量

[root@localhost etc]# vim ./profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql8/bin

五 创建组和对应的用户

①# 创建一个用户组：mysql

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql   #创建组

groupadd: group 'mysql' already exists  #已经存在

[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/group    #查看

②# 创建一个系统用户：mysql，指定用户组为mysql

[root@localhost opt]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql  #创建用户

useradd: user 'mysql' already exists               #已经存在

六  在mysql8文件中创建数据目录

①[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/   #进入安装目录

②[root@localhost local]# cd mysql8     #进入mysql8     

③[root@localhost mysql8]# ls           #查看，有没有datas

④[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir -p ./datas   #创建目录

⑤[root@localhost mysql8]# ls               #创建成功

⑥[root@localhost datas]#

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql8/datas/    #修改属组和数组

⑦[root@localhost datas]#

chmod -R 750 /usr/local/mysql8/datas/             #赋权

七 在mysql8文件中创建my.cnf配置文件，

用于初始化MySQL数据库

[root@localhost mysql8]# vim ./my.cnf

★★★配置文件内容先复制粘贴至txt文件中，再复制粘贴至my.cnf中★★★

[mysql] # 默认字符集 default-character-set=utf8mb4 [client] port       = 3306 socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port       = 3306 server-id  = 3306 user       = mysql socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock # 安装目录 basedir    = /usr/local/mysql8 # 数据存放目录 datadir    = /usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql log-bin    = /usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql-bin innodb_data_home_dir      =/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql innodb_log_group_home_dir =/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql #日志及进程数据的存放目录 log-error =/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log pid-file  =/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.pid # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码 character-set-server=utf8mb4 lower_case_table_names=1 autocommit =1    ##################以上要修改的######################## skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 1024 sort_buffer_size = 4M net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 128    #query_cache_size = 128M tmp_table_size = 128M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535     binlog_format=mixed      binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000      # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED        [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M         [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 256M sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M          [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout

八 初始化

[root@localhost mysql8]# mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql8/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql --user=mysql --initialize-insecure

参数（重要）

• defaults-file：指定配置文件（要放在–initialize 前面）
• user： 指定用户
• basedir：指定安装目录
• datadir：指定初始化数据目录
• intialize-insecure：初始化无密码

九 启动mysql

①[root@localhost mysql8]# ls  查看mysql8中的文件有bin

bin  datas  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  my.cnf  README  share  support-files

②[root@localhost mysql8]# cd bin  进入bin文件

③[root@localhost bin]# ls          查看bin中的文件有mysqld_safe

ibd2sdi         myisampack         mysql_config         mysqldump                  mysqlshow            zlib_decompress

innochecksum    my_print_defaults  mysql_config_editor  mysqldumpslow              mysqlslap

lz4_decompress  mysql              mysqld               mysqlimport                mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

myisamchk       mysqladmin         mysqld-debug         mysql_migrate_keyring      mysql_tzinfo_to_sql

myisam_ftdump   mysqlbinlog        mysqld_multi         mysqlpump                  mysql_upgrade

myisamlog       mysqlcheck         mysqld_safe          mysql_secure_installation  perror

④[root@localhost bin]#

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql8/my.cnf &  启动服务

[1] 3153

[root@localhost bin]# 2023-08-21T11:39:25.871527Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log'.

2023-08-21T11:39:25.960035Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql

⑤[root@localhost bin]# ps -ef | grep mysql  查看是否启动

root       3153   3063  0 19:39 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql8/my.cnf

mysql      3690   3153 33 19:39 pts/0    00:00:10 /usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql8/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql8/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root       3745   3063  0 19:39 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

十 登录mysql

（1）无密码登录方式

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot --skip-password

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 8

Server version: 8.0.30 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

（2）进入到MySQL中

                ①修改密码

mysql>ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘123456’；

②刷新权限

mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

                ③退出

                mysql>quit;

④有密码登录

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p123456

                ⑤设置远程登录

mysql>use mysql；

mysql>update user set user.Host=’%’where user.User=’root’;

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>quit

十一 登录navicat

连接失败

检查1 没有问题

检查2  没有添加地址！！！

[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/hosts    hosts没有添加地址

\[root@localhost bin]# hostname

[root@localhost bin]# hostnamectl set-hostname db23

[root@localhost bin]#source

[root@ localhost bin]#bash

[root@db23 bin]#

登录navicat

十二 补充：开机自启

（1）方式一

[root@db23 ~]#

cp /usr/local/mysql8/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

（2）方式二

[root@db23 ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/

[root@db23 init.d]# pwd

/etc/rc.d/init.d

[root@db23 init.d]# ls

functions  mysqld  netconsole  network  README

[root@db23 init.d]# vim ./autostartmysql.sh

#!/bin/sh #chkconfig: 2345 10 90 #description: myservice... /usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysql_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql8/my.c nf &

[root@db23 init.d]# chmod  +x  ./autostartmysql.sh

[root@db23 init.d]# chkconfig  --add  ./autostartmysql.sh

[root@db23 init.d]# chkconfig  autostartmysql.sh on

[root@db23 init.d]# chkconfig  --list

 

[root@db23 init.d]# shutdown -f now

 

[root@db23 ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql

•