SQLZOO SELECT within SELECT

这个章节是SELECT 嵌套环节

1: List each country name where the population is larger than that of 'Russia'.

SELECT name FROM world WHERE population > (SELECT population FROM world WHERE name='Russia');

2:Show the countries in Europe with a per capita GDP greater than 'United Kingdom'.

SELECT name FROM world WHERE continent='Europe' AND (gdp/population) >
(SELECT gdp/population FROM world WHERE name = 'United Kingdom');

3:List the name and continent of countries in the continents containing either Argentina or Australia. Order by name of the country.

SELECT name,continent FROM world
WHERE continent IN
(SELECT continent FROM world WHERE name = 'Argentina' OR name ='Australia') ORDER BY name;

4:Which country has a population that is more than Canada but less than Poland? Show the name and the population.

SELECT name,population FROM world
WHERE (population >
(SELECT population FROM world WHERE name ='Canada')) AND (population <(SELECT population FROM world WHERE name ='Poland'));

另外有个比较优雅的写法

SELECT name, populationFROM worldWHERE population BETWEEN (SELECT population + 1FROM worldWHERE name = 'Canada') AND (SELECT population - 1FROM worldWHERE name = 'Poland')

5:Germany (population 80 million) has the largest population of the countries in Europe. Austria (population 8.5 million) has 11% of the population of Germany.

Show the name and the population of each country in Europe. Show the population as a percentage of the population of Germany.

Decimal places

You can use the function ROUND to remove the decimal places.

Percent symbol %

You can use the function CONCAT to add the percentage symbol.

SELECT name,
CONCAT(ROUND(population/(SELECT population FROM world WHERE name='Germany')*100),'%')
FROM world
WHERE continent='Europe' ;

6:Which countries have a GDP greater than every country in Europe? [Give the name only.] (Some countries may have NULL gdp values)

SELECT name FROM world
WHERE gdp > ALL(SELECT gdp FROM world WHERE continent='Europe' AND gdp>0);

这里有一个ALL功能，可以讲一下，ALL功能等于是把满足括号内部条件的所有行全部罗列出来，和前面进行比较。

7:Find the largest country (by area) in each continent, show the continent, the name and the area:

SELECT continent, name, area FROM world x
  WHERE area >= ALL
    (SELECT area FROM world y
        WHERE y.continent=x.continent
          AND area>0);

这里的x和y等于用到了world表2次，你也可以改成a或者b，都可以

8:List each continent and the name of the country that comes first alphabetically. 

SELECT continent,name FROM world a
WHERE name <= ALL(SELECT name from world b WHERE a.continent = b.continent )ORDER by name ;

9:Find the continents where all countries have a population <= 25000000. Then find the names of the countries associated with these continents. Show name, continent and population.

SELECT name,continent,population FROM world x
WHERE 25000000 >= ALL(SELECT population FROM world y WHERE y.continent = x.continent);

10:Some countries have populations more than three times that of any of their neighbours (in the same continent). Give the countries and continents.

SELECT name,continent FROM world x
WHERE x.population/3 >= ALL(SELECT population FROM world y WHERE y.continent = x.continent AND y.name != x.name);