再次回想C库函数链接

最近又开始瞎折腾起来了，有点弄不清对C库的链接。

C Run-Time Libraries (CRT)

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The following libraries contain the C run-time library functions.

C run-time library (without iostream or standard C++ library)	Associated DLL	Characteristics	Option	Preprocessor directives
libcmt.lib	None, static link.	Multithreaded, static link	/MT	_MT
msvcrt.lib	msvcr80.dll	Multithreaded, dynamic link (import library for MSVCR80.DLL). Be aware that if you use the Standard C++ Library, your program will need MSVCP80.DLL to run.	/MD	_MT, _DLL
libcmtd.lib	None, static link	Multithreaded, static link (debug)	/MTd	_DEBUG, _MT
msvcrtd.lib	msvcr80d.dll	Multithreaded, dynamic link (import library for MSVCR80D.DLL) (debug).	/MDd	_DEBUG, _MT, _DLL
msvcmrt.lib	msvcm80.dll	C Runtime import library. Used for mixed managed/native code.	/clr
msvcurt.lib	msvcm80.dll	C Runtime import library compiled as 100% pure MSIL code. All code complies with the ECMA URT spec for MSIL.	/clr:pure

Note
The single-threaded CRT (libc.lib, libcd.lib) (formerly the /ML or /MLd options) is no longer available. Instead, use the multithreaded CRT. See Multithreaded Libraries Performance .

If you link your program from the command line without a compiler option that specifies a C run-time library, the linker will use LIBCMT.LIB. This is different from previous versions of Visual C++ which used LIBC.LIB, the single-threaded library, instead.

上面一段摘自最新的MSDN ，要链接的C库是由Option指定，但是这是编译器选项，链接器并不知道。其实编译器会根据Option吧对应的库写入obj文件，如-defaultlib:LIBCD -defaultlib:OLDNAMES（用任意编辑器打开，如果用IDA打开obj文件就更明白了）。#pragma comment（lib/linker……)等其实也都写入了obj文件的那个位置，链接器会读取那里的数据作为参数传入。终于清楚些了，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~

忽然又想起一个问题，很多C库函数都要调用win32的API，如fopen（）、malloc（）等，由于这些API包含在C运行时库（CRT）中，所以在链接时并不用手动指定它们的lib库，那么链接器又是如何链接CRT中的win32 API的呢？那一个VC6下最简单的一个C静态库libc.lib（单线程）为例，lib文件其实是由很多obj文件组成的，可以用libx把它解开(网上搜)，也可以直接用IDA查看，在crt0init.obj中可以看到defaultlib:kernel32.lib,对应的源文件/VC98/CRT/SRC/CRT0INIT.C是这样的：

#pragma comment(linker, "/merge:.CRT=.data") #pragma comment(linker, "/defaultlib:kernel32.lib") #if !(!defined (_MT) && !defined (_DEBUG)) #pragma comment(linker, "/disallowlib:libc.lib") #endif /* !(!defined (_MT) && !defined (_DEBUG)) */ #if !(!defined (_MT) && defined (_DEBUG)) #pragma comment(linker, "/disallowlib:libcd.lib") #endif /* !(!defined (_MT) && defined (_DEBUG)) */ #if !(defined (_MT) && !defined (_DEBUG)) #pragma comment(linker, "/disallowlib:libcmt.lib") #endif /* !(defined (_MT) && !defined (_DEBUG)) */ #if !(defined (_MT) && defined (_DEBUG)) #pragma comment(linker, "/disallowlib:libcmtd.lib") #endif /* !(defined (_MT) && defined (_DEBUG)) */ #pragma comment(linker, "/disallowlib:msvcrt.lib") #pragma comment(linker, "/disallowlib:msvcrtd.lib")

现在一切都明朗了……

 

附上我以前写的两篇文章：

http://blog.csdn.net/better0332/archive/2008/12/19/3557654.aspx

http://blog.csdn.net/better0332/archive/2008/12/18/3552856.aspx