perl中的sub（zz）

基本sub格式

sub subname{              local ($filevar) = @_;            local ($s1, $s1);  ... …   }

&subname;                     调用加&

do my_sub(1, 2, 3);    另一种调用方式：do调用 等价于&my_sub(1, 2, 3);

 
     sub中局部变量的定义有两种方法：my和local。
my($scalar) = 43;
my定义的变量只在该子程序中存在；(在PERL4中没有my)   
local(@array) = (1, 2, 3);
而local定义的变量不仅存在于该子程序中，还存在于该子程序调用的子程序中
 

   local($i,$wildmask)=0; 等于只初始化了一个值。
应该local($i,$wildmask)=(0,0);

    sub中三种变量的应用例子

#!/usr/bin/perl &gotest; print "---------------main--------------------\n"; print "\$glo is:",$glo; print "\$local is:",$local; print "\$my is:",$my; print "\n"; sub gotest{ print "---------------sub gotest--------------------\n"; $glo="glo\n"; sub中使用不用local 和my而直接定义的变量，必然是全局变量或上级变量 local($local)="local\n"; my($my)="my\n"; print "\$glo is:",$glo; print "\$local is:",$local; print "\$my is:",$my; print "\n"; &subgotest; } sub subgotest{ print "---------------sub subgotest-----------------\n"; print "\$glo is:",$glo; print "\$local is:",$local; print "\$my is:",$my; sub中使用不用local 和my而直接定义的变量，必然是全局变量或上级变量 print "\n"; }

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl ---------------sub gotest-------------------- $glo is:glo $local is:local $my is:my ---------------sub subgotest-------------------- $glo is:glo $local is:local $my is: local可以传给下层子sub，my是真正的“局部变量，只在当前sub内使用 ---------------main-------------------- $glo is:glo 不用local和my定义的sub变量是全局变量，在所有地方都能使 $local is:$my is:

   不用local,my而直接定义的变量，可以用在任何地方，存活时间等于程序运行时间，其实就是全局变量，所以建议少用。还是经常用local和my                                                                                             

    perl 真正的全局变量，用our,其实不用local和my的都是全局变量
our @int_name;
our @int_address;
our $int_num=0;


   不要把my用在while语句里，要提前用

while (my($line)=<MYFILE>) {  print $line;    }

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl total 16  只显示一行，为什么？ 因为等于每次循环都初始化一次变量。

 

my($line); while ($line=<MYFILE>) {  print $line;    }

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl total 16 -rw-rw-r--  1 macg macg   6 Mar 16 13:06 gogo -rwxrwxr-x  1 macg macg 195 Mar 17 17:22 tip.pl

    最基本的sub参数传递--------实际是将参数@_赋值给局部变量

    sub参数 的两种表示方式：
整体形式（数组形式）             @_   
单独形式（数组元素形式）        $_[ ]

#!/usr/bin/perl &gotest("stringgogo",1,3,"4test"); sub gotest{ local($tmp1,$tmp2,$tmp3,$tmp4)=@_; 或my(@tmp)=@_; print "no.1 para is ",$tmp1,"\n"; print "no.2 para is ",$tmp2,"\n"; print "no.3 para is ",$tmp3,"\n"; print "no.4 para is ",$tmp4,"\n"; }	#!/usr/bin/perl &gotest("stringgogo",1,3,"4test"); sub gotest{ print "no.1 para is ",$_[0],"\n"; print "no.2 para is ",$_[1],"\n"; print "no.3 para is ",$_[2],"\n"; print "no.4 para is ",$_[3],"\n"; }
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl no.1 para is stringgogo no.2 para is 1 no.3 para is 3 no.4 para is 4test	[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl no.1 para is stringgogo no.2 para is 1 no.3 para is 3 no.4 para is 4test

 
   传送数组到sub 中的数组变量

#!/usr/bin/perl @go=qw(a b cc dd); &gotest(@go); sub gotest{ my(@tmp)=@_; foreach (@tmp) {  print $_,"\n";    } }

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl a b cc dd);

 
    sub返回值，两种方式
最后一条语句的最大值
return语句，直接返回

#!/usr/bin/perl @go=qw(a b cc dd); $ret=&gotest(@go); print $ret,"\n"; sub gotest{ my(@tmp)=@_; 9; }	#!/usr/bin/perl @go=qw(a b cc dd); $ret=&gotest(@go); print $ret,"\n"; sub gotest{ my(@tmp)=@_; return 9; }
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl 9	[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl 9

   
      sub 传参传字符串
1。可以传入字符串
2。可以return 字符串

#!/usr/bin/perl -w sub test { local($a)=@_;          local($retstring);  if($a eq "mac")                    {    $retstring="hahaha";    return $retstring;     }  if($a eq "macg")   {    $retstring="hahaha+ggg";    return $retstring;    } } $ret=&test("mac"); print $ret,"\n"; $ret=&test("macg"); print $ret,"\n"

[root@nm testpl]# ./tip.pl hahaha hahaha+ggg