C# 加密总结 一些常见的加密方法

一 散列数据 代码如下：

private static string CalculateSHA512Hash(string input)
        {
            byte[] inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
            SHA512Managed sha512 = new SHA512Managed();
            byte[] outputBytes = sha512.ComputeHash(inputBytes);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(outputBytes);
        }

原始散列对于彩虹表来说也存在漏洞，在彩虹表中，表内的每一条记录都是一串明文对应一种加密算法生成的一串密文。加盐就是指在密码中加入一个盐，这样可以提高密码散列的安全性。修改后的代码如下：

private static string CalculateSHA512Hash(string input,string salt)
      {
          byte[] saltBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(salt);
          byte[] inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
          byte[] inputWithSaltBytes = new byte[saltBytes.Length + inputBytes.Length];
          Array.Copy(inputBytes, 0, inputWithSaltBytes, 0, inputBytes.Length);
          Array.Copy(saltBytes, 0, inputWithSaltBytes, inputBytes.Length, saltBytes.Length);
          SHA512Managed sha512 = new SHA512Managed();
          byte[] outputBytes = sha512.ComputeHash(inputWithSaltBytes);
          return Convert.ToBase64String(outputBytes);
      }
      private static string GetSalt(int minSaltSize, int maxSaltSize)
      {
          Random random = new Random();
          int saltSize = random.Next(minSaltSize, maxSaltSize);
          byte[] saltBytes = new byte[saltSize];
          RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
          rng.GetNonZeroBytes(saltBytes);
          return Convert.ToBase64String(saltBytes);
      }

 二 对称加密

private static string Encrypt(string input, byte[] key, byte[] iv)
      {
          byte[] inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
          RijndaelManaged rijndael = new RijndaelManaged();
          ICryptoTransform transform = rijndael.CreateEncryptor(key, iv);
          byte[] encrytData = null;
          using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
          {
              using (CryptoStream inputStream = new CryptoStream(outputStream, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
              {
                  inputStream.Write(inputBytes, 0, inputBytes.Length);
                  inputStream.FlushFinalBlock();
                  encrytData = outputStream.ToArray();
              }
 
          }
          return Convert.ToBase64String(encrytData);
      }
      private static string Decrypt(string input, byte[] key, byte[] iv)
      {
          byte[] inputBytes=Convert.FromBase64String(input);
          RijndaelManaged rijndael = new RijndaelManaged();
          ICryptoTransform transform = rijndael.CreateDecryptor(key, iv);
          byte[] decryptByte;
          using (MemoryStream outputStream=new MemoryStream())
          {
              using (CryptoStream inputStream=new CryptoStream(outputStream,transform,CryptoStreamMode.Write))
              {
                  inputStream.Write(inputBytes, 0, inputBytes.Length);
                  inputStream.FlushFinalBlock();
                  decryptByte = outputStream.ToArray();
              }
          }
          return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptByte);
      }
      private static void GetKeyAndIVFromPasswordAndSalt(string password, byte[] salt, SymmetricAlgorithm symmetricAlgorithm,
          ref byte[] key, ref byte[] iv)
      {
          Rfc2898DeriveBytes rfc2898DeriveBytes = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(password, salt);
          key = rfc2898DeriveBytes.GetBytes(symmetricAlgorithm.KeySize / 8);
          iv = rfc2898DeriveBytes.GetBytes(symmetricAlgorithm.BlockSize / 8);
      }
      private static string GetSalt(int minSaltSize, int maxSaltSize)
      {
          Random random = new Random();
          int saltSize = random.Next(minSaltSize, maxSaltSize);
          byte[] saltBytes = new byte[saltSize];
          RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
          rng.GetNonZeroBytes(saltBytes);
          return Convert.ToBase64String(saltBytes);
      }

调用方式：
            byte[] salt = Convert.FromBase64String(GetSalt(9, 18));
            string password = "Password";
            byte[] key=new byte[0];
            byte[] iv = new byte[0];
            GetKeyAndIVFromPasswordAndSalt(password,salt, new RijndaelManaged(), ref key, ref iv);
            string input = "Wrox Press";
            string encrytText = Encrypt(input, key, iv);
            Console.WriteLine(encrytText);
            string decryptText=Decrypt(encrytText,key,iv);
            Console.WriteLine(decryptText);

只是简单的加密和解密数据是不够的，我们还需要确保数据不被改变，我们可以创建一个消息认证代码来生成一个加密的散列。

private static string GenerateMac(string input, byte[] key)
      {
          HMACSHA512 hmac = new HMACSHA512(key);
          byte[] data= hmac.ComputeHash(Convert.FromBase64String(input));
          return Convert.ToBase64String(data);
      }
      static bool IsMacValid(string input, byte[] key, string savedMac)
      {
          string recalculateMac = GenerateMac(input, key);
          return recalculateMac.Equals(savedMac);
      }

例如我们对数据库中LicenseNumber加密，那么我们就必须修改表结构，修改后如图：

非对称加密：

private static string Encrypt(string input, string publickey)
       {
           RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
           rsa.FromXmlString(publickey);
           byte[] encryptData = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input), true);
           return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptData);
       }
       private static string Decrypt(string input, string privatekey)
       {
           RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
           rsa.FromXmlString(privatekey);
           byte[] dencryptData = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(input), true);
           return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dencryptData);
       }
       private static void GetkeyXml(out string publicKey, out string privateKey)
       {
           RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
           publicKey = rsa.ToXmlString(false);
           privateKey = rsa.ToXmlString(true);
       }

 证书加密：

static byte[] SignData(byte[] clearText, X509Certificate2 signingCertificate)
      {
          ContentInfo contentInfo = new ContentInfo(clearText);
          CmsSigner signer = new CmsSigner(signingCertificate);
          SignedCms signedCms = new SignedCms(contentInfo);
          signedCms.ComputeSignature(signer);
          return signedCms.Encode();
      }
      static byte[] ValidateSignatureAndExtractContent(byte[] signedCmsAsBytes, ICollection<string> signingSubjects)
      {
          SignedCms signedCms = new SignedCms();
          signedCms.Decode(signedCmsAsBytes);
          signedCms.CheckSignature(true);
          foreach (SignerInfo signerInfo in signedCms.SignerInfos)
          {
              X509Certificate2 signingCertificate = signerInfo.Certificate;
              signingSubjects.Add(signingCertificate.Subject);
          }
          return signedCms.ContentInfo.Content;
      }
      static byte[] EncryptWithCertificate(byte[] clearText, X509Certificate2 certificate)
      {
          ContentInfo contentInfo = new ContentInfo(clearText);
          EnvelopedCms envelopedCms = new EnvelopedCms(contentInfo);
          CmsRecipient recipient = new CmsRecipient(certificate);
          envelopedCms.Encrypt(recipient);
          return envelopedCms.Encode();
      }
      static byte[] DecryptWithCertificate(byte[] cipherText)
      {
          EnvelopedCms envelopedCms = new EnvelopedCms();
          envelopedCms.Decode(cipherText);
          envelopedCms.Decrypt();
          return envelopedCms.ContentInfo.Content;
      }
      static X509Certificate2 LoadCertificateFromFile(string filename)
      {
          X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2();
          certificate.Import(ReadBinaryFile(filename));
          return certificate;
      }
      static byte[] ReadBinaryFile(string filename)
      {
          FileStream f = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
          int size = (int)f.Length;
          byte[] data = new byte[size];
          size = f.Read(data, 0, size);
          f.Close();
          return data;
      }
      private static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateBySubjectName(string subjectName)
      {
 
          X509Store myStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
              myStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
              X509Certificate2Collection certificateCollection = myStore.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, subjectName, true);
              X509Certificate2 myCertificate = certificateCollection[0];
              if (myStore != null)
                  myStore.Close();
              return myCertificate;
      }

调用方式：

  string input = "Wrox Press";
            byte[] clearTextAsBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
            X509Certificate2 serverPublicKeyCertificate = LoadCertificateFromFile("muserver.cer");
            X509Certificate2 signingCertificate = GetCertificateBySubjectName("Barry_Dorrans");
            byte[] signedClearText = SignData(clearTextAsBytes, signingCertificate);
            byte[] encryptedAndSignedData = EncryptWithCertificate(signedClearText, serverPublicKeyCertificate);

            byte[] encodedUnencryptedCms=DecryptWithCertificate(encryptedAndSignedData);
            List<string> signingSubjects = new List<string>();
            byte[] receivedClearText = ValidateSignatureAndExtractContent(encodedUnencryptedCms, signingSubjects);
            string unecnryptedString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receivedClearText);