C# 加密解密

常见的加密方式:
不可逆加密：MD5,SHAD等      可逆加密：RSA,AES,DES等     

可逆加密类型:

对称加密：含有一个称为密钥的东西，在消息发送前使用密钥对消息进行加密，在对方收到消息之后，使用相同的密钥进行解密

非对称加密：加密和解密使用不同的密钥的一类加密算法。这类加密算法通常有两个密钥A和B，使用密钥A加密数据得到的密文，只有密钥B可以进行解密操作（即使密钥A也无法解密），相反，使用了密钥B加密数据得到的密文，只有密钥A可以解密。这两个密钥分别称为私钥和公钥，顾名思义，私钥就是你个人保留，不能公开的密钥，而公钥则是公开给加解密操作的另一方的。根据不同用途，对数据进行加密所使用的密钥也不相同（有时用公钥加密，私钥解密；有时相反用私钥加密，公钥解密）。非对称加密的代表算法是RSA算法。

MD5加密:

public string MD5Entrypt(string strs) 
{
            //方式一:HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile这个只适合保存在配置文件中，在需要验证的时候，会自动根据加密方式验证
            //return System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(textBox2.Text, "MD5");
            
            //方式二:推荐使用MD5CryptoServiceProvider
            MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
            byte[] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(strs);//将要加密的字符串转换为字节数组
            byte[] encryptdata = md5.ComputeHash(bytes);//将字符串加密后也转换为字符数组
           return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptdata);//将加密后的字节数组转换为加密字符串
 }

DES加密解密:对称加密

        /// <summary>
        /// DES加密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">加密数据</param>
        /// <param name="key">8位字符的密钥字符串</param>
        /// <param name="iv">8位字符的初始化向量字符串</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string DESEncrypt(string data, string key, string iv)
        {
            byte[] byKey = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(key);
            byte[] byIV = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(iv);

            DESCryptoServiceProvider cryptoProvider = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
            int i = cryptoProvider.KeySize;
            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
            CryptoStream cst = new CryptoStream(ms, cryptoProvider.CreateEncryptor(byKey, byIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);

            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(cst);
            sw.Write(data);
            sw.Flush();
            cst.FlushFinalBlock();
            sw.Flush();
            return Convert.ToBase64String(ms.GetBuffer(), 0, (int)ms.Length);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DES解密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">解密数据</param>
        /// <param name="key">8位字符的密钥字符串(需要和加密时相同)</param>
        /// <param name="iv">8位字符的初始化向量字符串(需要和加密时相同)</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string DESDecrypt(string data, string key, string iv)
        {
            byte[] byKey = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(key);
            byte[] byIV = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(iv);

            byte[] byEnc;
            try
            {
                byEnc = Convert.FromBase64String(data);
            }
            catch
            {
                return null;
            }

            DESCryptoServiceProvider cryptoProvider = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(byEnc);
            CryptoStream cst = new CryptoStream(ms, cryptoProvider.CreateDecryptor(byKey, byIV), CryptoStreamMode.Read);
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(cst);
            return sr.ReadToEnd();
        }

RSA加密解密:非对称加密

        /// <summary>
        /// RSA加密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="publickey"></param>
        /// <param name="content"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string RSAEncrypt(string publickey, string content)
        {
            publickey = @"<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>5m9m14XH3oqLJ8bNGw9e4rGpXpcktv9MSkHSVFVMjHbfv+SJ5v0ubqQxa5YjLN4vc49z7SVju8s0X4gZ6AzZTn06jzWOgyPRV54Q4I0DCYadWW4Ze3e+BOtwgVU1Og3qHKn8vygoj40J6U85Z/PTJu3hN1m75Zr195ju7g9v4Hk=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>";
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            byte[] cipherbytes;
            rsa.FromXmlString(publickey);
            cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content), false);
 
            return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherbytes);
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// RSA解密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="privatekey"></param>
        /// <param name="content"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string RSADecrypt(string privatekey, string content)
        {
            privatekey = @"<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>5m9m14XH3oqLJ8bNGw9e4rGpXpcktv9MSkHSVFVMjHbfv+SJ5v0ubqQxa5YjLN4vc49z7SVju8s0X4gZ6AzZTn06jzWOgyPRV54Q4I0DCYadWW4Ze3e+BOtwgVU1Og3qHKn8vygoj40J6U85Z/PTJu3hN1m75Zr195ju7g9v4Hk=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent><P>/hf2dnK7rNfl3lbqghWcpFdu778hUpIEBixCDL5WiBtpkZdpSw90aERmHJYaW2RGvGRi6zSftLh00KHsPcNUMw==</P><Q>6Cn/jOLrPapDTEp1Fkq+uz++1Do0eeX7HYqi9rY29CqShzCeI7LEYOoSwYuAJ3xA/DuCdQENPSoJ9KFbO4Wsow==</Q><DP>ga1rHIJro8e/yhxjrKYo/nqc5ICQGhrpMNlPkD9n3CjZVPOISkWF7FzUHEzDANeJfkZhcZa21z24aG3rKo5Qnw==</DP><DQ>MNGsCB8rYlMsRZ2ek2pyQwO7h/sZT8y5ilO9wu08Dwnot/7UMiOEQfDWstY3w5XQQHnvC9WFyCfP4h4QBissyw==</DQ><InverseQ>EG02S7SADhH1EVT9DD0Z62Y0uY7gIYvxX/uq+IzKSCwB8M2G7Qv9xgZQaQlLpCaeKbux3Y59hHM+KpamGL19Kg==</InverseQ><D>vmaYHEbPAgOJvaEXQl+t8DQKFT1fudEysTy31LTyXjGu6XiltXXHUuZaa2IPyHgBz0Nd7znwsW/S44iql0Fen1kzKioEL3svANui63O3o5xdDeExVM6zOf1wUUh/oldovPweChyoAdMtUzgvCbJk1sYDJf++Nr0FeNW1RB1XG30=</D></RSAKeyValue>";
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            byte[] cipherbytes;
            rsa.FromXmlString(privatekey);
            cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(content), false);
 
            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(cipherbytes);
        }

 文件加密解密:

    //加密文件
    private static void EncryptData(String inName, String outName, byte[] desKey, byte[] desIV)
    {
        //Create the file streams to handle the input and output files.
        FileStream fin = new FileStream(inName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
        FileStream fout = new FileStream(outName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);
        fout.SetLength(0);

        //Create variables to help with read and write.
        byte[] bin = new byte[100]; //This is intermediate storage for the encryption.
        long rdlen = 0;              //This is the total number of bytes written.
        long totlen = fin.Length;    //This is the total length of the input file.
        int len;                     //This is the number of bytes to be written at a time.

        DES des = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
        CryptoStream encStream = new CryptoStream(fout, des.CreateEncryptor(desKey, desIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);

        //Read from the input file, then encrypt and write to the output file.
        while (rdlen < totlen)
        {
            len = fin.Read(bin, 0, 100);
            encStream.Write(bin, 0, len);
            rdlen = rdlen + len;
        }

        encStream.Close();
        fout.Close();
        fin.Close();
    }

    //解密文件
    private static void DecryptData(String inName, String outName, byte[] desKey, byte[] desIV)
    {
        //Create the file streams to handle the input and output files.
        FileStream fin = new FileStream(inName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
        FileStream fout = new FileStream(outName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);
        fout.SetLength(0);

        //Create variables to help with read and write.
        byte[] bin = new byte[100]; //This is intermediate storage for the encryption.
        long rdlen = 0;              //This is the total number of bytes written.
        long totlen = fin.Length;    //This is the total length of the input file.
        int len;                     //This is the number of bytes to be written at a time.

        DES des = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
        CryptoStream encStream = new CryptoStream(fout, des.CreateDecryptor(desKey, desIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);

        //Read from the input file, then encrypt and write to the output file.
        while (rdlen < totlen)
        {
            len = fin.Read(bin, 0, 100);
            encStream.Write(bin, 0, len);
            rdlen = rdlen + len;
        }
        encStream.Close();
        fout.Close();
        fin.Close();
    }

参考文档:

C#实现RSA加密解密 - 左正 - 博客园

C#开发中常用的加密解密方法 - 紫色情怀 - 博客园