生产者与消费者问题

多线程的一个经典问题： 当商品只有一个时，当有人来买东西时，老板又将它同时售卖个另一个人，导致重复售卖同一件物品：又或是有100件商品，但有200人同时购买，该如何分配？
在Java中就有当多个线程共享一个数据时，如果处理不当，容易出现线程的安全问题。
Java中就出现了synchronized关键词来声明同步方法
当一个对象被synchronized修饰，任何时候只有一个线程能访问该对象
当一个方法被synchronized修饰，当一个线程要执行该方法时，其他线程要执行该方法则要等待该线程执行完该方法。
模型如下：

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Warehouse warehouse = new Warehouse(100);
        Producer p1 = new Producer("01",warehouse);
        Producer p2 = new Producer("02",warehouse);
        Customer c1 = new Customer("01",warehouse);
        Customer c2 = new Customer("01",warehouse);
        p1.start();
        p2.start();
        c1.start();
        c2.start();
    }
}
public class Customer extends Thread{
    private Warehouse warehouse;
    private String name;
    public Customer() {}
    public Customer(String name,Warehouse warehouse) {
        this.name = name;
        this.warehouse = warehouse;
    }
    public void run(){
        try {
            warehouse.removeCount(name);
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
public class Producer extends Thread{
       private Warehouse warehouse;
       private String name;
       public Producer() {}
       public Producer(String name,Warehouse warehouse) {
              this.name = name;
              this.warehouse = warehouse;
       }
       public void run(){
              try {
                     warehouse.addCount(name);
                     Thread.sleep(1000);
              } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
              }
       }
}
public class Warehouse {
    private int count = 0;
    private int size;
    public Warehouse() {}
    public Warehouse(int size) {
        this.size = size;
    }

    public synchronized void addCount(String name) {
        while (count == size){
            try {
                this.wait();//等待并释放锁
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        count++;
        System.out.println(name + "正在生产一件商品，库存：" + count);
        this.notify();//唤醒其他线程
    }

    public synchronized void removeCount(String name) {
        while (count == 0){
            try {
                this.wait();//等待并释放锁
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        count--;
        System.out.println(name + "正在销售一件商品，库存：" + count);
        this.notify();//唤醒其他线程
    }
}   
ut.println(name + "正在销售一件商品，库存：" + count);
        this.notify();//唤醒其他线程
    }
}