2016年6月25日,今天学习Struts2如何访问web元素的。
首先看看页面展示:
这里就用第二种IOC,其他基本不用:
index页面代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB18030" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
//在head中<base href>指定basePath
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<base href=<%= basePath %> />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
取得Map类型request,session,application,真实类型 HttpServletRequest, HttpSession, ServletContext的引用:
<ol>
<li>前三者:依赖于容器</li>
<li>前三者:IOC</li> (只用这种)
<li>后三者:依赖于容器</li>
<li>后三者:IOC</li>
</ol>
<br />
<form name="f" action="" method="post">
用户名:
<input type="text" name="name"></input><br />
密码:
<input type="password" name="password"/><br />
<input type="submit" value="submit1" οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login1';document.f.submit();"></input>
<input type="submit" value="submit2" οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login2';document.f.submit();"></input>
<input type="submit" value="submit3" οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login3';document.f.submit();"></input>
<input type="submit" value="submit4" οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login4';document.f.submit();"></input>
<br />
</form>
</body>
</html>
struts.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 解决中文乱码问题ss -->
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="GBK"></constant>
<!--打开dmi -->
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="login" extends="struts-default" namespace="/login">
<action name="login*" class="com.struts.action.LoginAction{1}">
<result>/user_login_success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
action代码如下:
<pre name="code" class="java">package com.struts.action;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,SessionAware, ApplicationAware {
private Map<String, Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;
//DI dependency injection
//IoC inverse of control
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
this.application = application;
}
}
如上,action代码中三个参数并没有初始化,三个参数的初始化实际上是struts2在调用action之前已经初始化了,所以action能够直接使用。这就是依赖注入的思想(DI:dependency injection)或者叫控制反转(IOC:inverse of control)就是原来自己初始化变量交由外界将成员变量初始化。
跳转后页面如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB18030" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
User login success!<br/>
<s:property value="#request.r1" /> | <%=request.getAttribute("r1") %><br />
<s:property value="#session.r2"/> | <%=session.getAttribute("r2") %><br />
<s:property value="#application.r3"/> | <%=application.getAttribute("r3") %><br />
<s:debug></s:debug>
</body>
</html>
页面展示如下:
<strong><span style="color:#3366ff;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><s:property value="#request.r1" /></span></strong>
这种方式实际上取得是stack context里key所对应的value。
第二讲下 在struts.xml 中配置<include file="login.xml" />的作用:
这样做的好处是当我们在多人开发项目的情况下,项目经理可以单独分多个模块到具体的开发人员手上而不会使struts.xml冲突,重复,开发完之后只需往struts.xml文件里加就行。