二进制安装MySQL5.7实现GTID功能实验

环境：

192.168.205.37: as master server 
192.168.205.47: as slave server 

版本：

OS: centos 7 1810 with mini install 
mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

目地：

GTID(global transaction ID)全局事务标识符，mysql5.6版本开始支持，GTID复制不像传统的复制方式（异步延复制、半同步复制）需要找到binlog和pos点，只需要知道master的IP、端口、账号、密码即可，开启GDIT后，执行change master to master_auto_position=1即可，它会自动寻找同步。我们使用mysql5.7开启两个server，一个为主另一个为从，测试GDIT功能。

步骤：

1. 解压缩文件

   [root@centos7 mysql]#tar xvf mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/  

2. 创建软链接

   [root@centos7 local]#ln -s mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64/ mysql

3. 添加mysql帐号

   [root@centos7 local]#useradd -r -s /bin/false mysql

4. 准备环境变量

   [root@centos7 mysql]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
   [root@centos7 mysql]#echo $PATH  

5. 准备数据目录(可以不建，初始化数据库时会自动创建)

   [root@centos7 mysql]#mkdir /data/mysql
   [root@centos7 mysql]#chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql

6. 安装相关包（跟据需要安装，初始化时会提示）

   [root@centos7 mysql]#yum install libaio

7. 初步化数据库

   [root@centos7 mysql]#mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
   2019-08-12T00:43:03.799485Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
   2019-08-12T00:43:04.007086Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
   2019-08-12T00:43:04.043130Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
   2019-08-12T00:43:04.100702Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 24ddb90b-bc9a-11e9-856e-000c2956e1ea.
   2019-08-12T00:43:04.101693Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
   2019-08-12T00:43:04.102159Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ia-ClrMga7L/

8. 修改数据库配置文件

   [root@centos7 mysql]#cp -b /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}
   [root@centos7 mysql]#rpm -qf /etc/my.cnf
   mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
   [root@centos7 mysql]#vi /etc/my.cnf
   [mysqld]
   datadir=/data/mysql
   socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock                                                                                                      
   log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
   pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
   [client]
   socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

9. 准备启动脚本

   [root@centos7 mysql]#cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
   [root@centos7 mysql]#chkconfig --list
   [root@centos7 mysql]#chkconfig --add mysqld
   [root@centos7 mysql]#chkconfig --list      
   [root@centos7 mysql]#service mysqld start
   Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/mysql.log'.
    SUCCESS! 

10. 修改密码

    [root@centos7 mysql]#mysql -p"Ia-ClrMga7L/"
    [root@centos7 mysql]#mysqladmin -uroot -p"Ia-ClrMga7L/" password centos
    [root@centos7 mysql]#mysql -pcentos

11. 数据库的用户帐号存放的表发生了变化，没有password，用authentication_string代替

    mysql> desc user;
    mysql>  select user,host,authentication_string from user;
    +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    | user          | host      | authentication_string                     |
    +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    | root          | localhost | *128977E278358FF80A246B5046F51043A2B1FCED |
    | mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
    | mysql.sys     | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
    +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12. 编辑配置文件设置主服务器，开启GTID功能

    [root@centos7 ~]#vi /etc/my.cnf        
    [mysqld]
    server-id=37
    log-bin                                                                                                                            
    gtid_mode=ON
    enforce_gtid_consistency
    datadir=/data/mysql
    socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
    log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
    pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
    [client]
    socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
    [root@centos7 ~]#service mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

13. 创建复制帐号

    mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.205.%' identified by 'centos';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

14. 在从服务器上设置配置文件

    [root@centos7 ~]#vi /etc/my.cnf         
    [mysqld]
    server-id=47
    gtid_mode=ON
    enforce_gtid_consistency
    datadir=/data/mysql
    socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
    log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
    pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid                                                                                                     
    [client]
    socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
    [root@centos7 ~]#service  mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

15. 在从服务器上登录，并修改change master to, 不需要指位置和文件名

    [root@centos7 ~]#mysql -pcentos
    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
        ->   MASTER_HOST='192.168.205.37',
        ->   MASTER_USER='repluser',
        ->   MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
        ->   MASTER_PORT=3306,
        ->   MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

16. 查看复制状态

    mysql> start slave;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql> show slave status\G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.205.37
                      Master_User: repluser
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: centos7-bin.000005
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 453
                   Relay_Log_File: centos7-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 670
            Relay_Master_Log_File: centos7-bin.000005
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

17. 测试数据库的复制

    mysql> create database db1;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

18. 在从服务器上查看复制状态，复制成功

    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | db1                |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)