sql语法

所有的SQL语句从关键字开始，如SELECT，INSERT，UPDATE，DELETE，ALTER，DROP，CREATE，USE，SHOW，所有语句结束用分号（;)。

重要的一点要注意的是，SQL是不区分大小写的，这意味着选择在SQL语句中，选择具有相同的意义，但MySQL的表名不同。所以如果使用MySQL，那么需要给它们存在于数据库中的表的名称。

SQL SELECT 语句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name;

SQL DISTINCT 子句:

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name;

SQL WHERE 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name

WHERE  CONDITION;

SQL AND/OR 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name

WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQL IN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name

WHERE  column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQL BETWEEN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name

WHERE  column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQL Like 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name

WHERE  column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQL ORDER BY 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM   table_name

WHERE  CONDITION

ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQL GROUP BY 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name)

FROM   table_name

WHERE  CONDITION

GROUP BY column_name;

SQL COUNT Clause:

SELECT COUNT(column_name)

FROM   table_name

WHERE  CONDITION;

SQL HAVING 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name)

FROM   table_name

WHERE  CONDITION

GROUP BY column_name

HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQL CREATE TABLE 语句:

CREATE TABLE table_name(

column1 datatype,

column2 datatype,

column3 datatype,

.....

columnN datatype,

PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )

);

SQL DROP TABLE 语句:

DROP TABLE table_name;

SQL CREATE INDEX 语句:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name

ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQL DROP INDEX Statement :

ALTER TABLE table_name

DROP INDEX index_name;

SQL DESC 语句:

DESC table_name;

SQL TRUNCATE TABLE 语句:

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

SQL ALTER TABLE 语句:

ALTER TABLE table_name {ADD|DROP|MODIFY} column_name {data_ype};

SQL ALTER TABLE 语句(Rename) :

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQL INSERT INTO 语句:

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)

VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQL UPDATE 语句:

UPDATE table_name

SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN

[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQL DELETE 语句:

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE  {CONDITION};

SQL CREATE DATABASE 语句:

CREATE DATABASE database_name;

dy> SQL DROP DATABASE 语句:

DROP DATABASE database_name;

SQL USE 语句:

USE DATABASE database_name;

SQL COMMIT 语句:

COMMIT;

SQL ROLLBACK 语句:

ROLLBACK;