阻塞队列原理:
其实阻塞队列实现阻塞同步的方式很简单,使用的就是: lock + 多个条件(condition)阻塞控制。
使用BlockingQueue封装了根据条件阻塞线程的过程,而我们就不用关心繁琐的await/signal操作了。
下面是Jdk 1.7中ArrayBlockingQueue部分代码:
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) {
if (capacity <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
//创建数组
this.items = new Object[capacity];
//创建锁和阻塞条件
lock = new ReentrantLock(fair);
notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
notFull = lock.newCondition();
}
//添加元素的方法
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
checkNotNull(e);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == items.length)
notFull.await();
//如果队列不满就入队
enqueue(e);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//入队的方法
private void enqueue(E x) {
final Object[] items = this.items;
items[putIndex] = x;
if (++putIndex == items.length)
putIndex = 0;
count++;
notEmpty.signal();
}
//移除元素的方法
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == 0)
notEmpty.await();
return dequeue();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//出队的方法
private E dequeue() {
final Object[] items = this.items;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
E x = (E) items[takeIndex];
items[takeIndex] = null;
if (++takeIndex == items.length)
takeIndex = 0;
count--;
if (itrs != null)
itrs.elementDequeued();
notFull.signal();
return x;
使用例子:
阻塞队列的最长使用的例子就是生产者消费者模式,也是各种实现生产者消费者模式方式中首选的方式。使用者不用关心什么阻塞生产,什么时候阻塞消费,使用非常方便,代码如下:
package bigtree.com;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class BlockingQueueTest {
public static class Producer implements Runnable{
private final BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue;
private volatile boolean flag;
private Random random;
public Producer(BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue) {
this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
flag=false;
random=new Random();
}
public void run() {
while(!flag){
int info=random.nextInt(100);
try {
blockingQueue.put(info);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" produce "+info);
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void shutDown(){
flag=true;
}
}
public static class Consumer implements Runnable{
private final BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue;
private volatile boolean flag;
public Consumer(BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue) {
this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
}
public void run() {
while(!flag){
int info;
try {
info = blockingQueue.take();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" consumer "+info);
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void shutDown(){
flag=true;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>(10);
Producer producer=new Producer(blockingQueue);
Consumer consumer=new Consumer(blockingQueue);
//创建5个生产者,5个消费者
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
if(i<5){
new Thread(producer,"producer"+i).start();
}else{
new Thread(consumer,"consumer"+(i-5)).start();
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
producer.shutDown();
consumer.shutDown();
}
}