php赋值

赋值运算将原变量的值拷贝到新变量中（传值赋值），所以改变其中一个并不影响另一个。这也适合于在密集循环中拷贝一些值例如大数组。

在 PHP 中普通的传值赋值行为有个例外就是碰到对象 object 时，是以引用赋值的，除非明确使用了 clone 关键字来拷贝。

<?php
$a = 3;
$b = $a;
$a = 4;
echo $a, ' ', $b, "\r\n";

$arr1 = [1, 2];
$arr2 = $arr1;
$arr2[0] *= 10;
echo json_encode($arr1), ' ', json_encode($arr2), "\r\n";

class A {
    public $b;
}
$o1 = new A();
$o1->b = "aaa";
echo json_encode($o1), "\r\n";
$o2 = $o1;
$o2->b = 'bbbb';
echo json_encode($o1), ' ';
echo json_encode($o2), "\r\n";

输出结果
结果说明，只有对象是按引用赋值的，其他都是直接拷贝赋值的

PS D:\code\php> php reference.php
4 3
[1,2] [10,2]
{"b":"aaa"}
{"b":"bbbb"} {"b":"bbbb"}

<?php
class Eye {
    public $color;
    public function __construct($color)
    {
        $this->color = $color;
    }
}

class Hair {
    public $color;
    public function __construct($color)
    {
        $this->color = $color;
    }
}

class Cat {
    public $eye;
    public $hair;
    public $weight;
    public function __construct($eye, $hair, $weight)
    {
        $this->eye = $eye;
        $this->hair = $hair;
        $this->weight = $weight;
    }
    public function __toString()
    {
        return "{$this->eye->color}眼睛,{$this->hair->color}毛，重{$this->weight}斤\r\n";
    }
}

//对象赋值，是引用赋值，所以修改是相关联的
$cat1 = new Cat(new Eye('黑'), new Hair('蓝'), 10);
echo $cat1;                     //黑眼睛,蓝毛，重10斤
$cat2 = $cat1;
$cat2->hair->color = '白';
$cat1->weight = 15;
echo $cat1;                     //黑眼睛,白毛，重15斤
echo $cat2;                     //黑眼睛,白毛，重15斤

//clone是浅复制，所有的引用属性（即对象比如Eye Hair）仍然会是一个指向原来的变量的引用
$cat3 = new Cat(new Eye('黑'), new Hair('蓝'), 10);
echo $cat3;                     //黑眼睛,蓝毛，重10斤
$cat4 = clone $cat3;
$cat4->weight = 16;
echo $cat3;                     //黑眼睛,蓝毛，重10斤
echo $cat4;                     //黑眼睛,蓝毛，重16斤
$cat4->eye->color = '褐';
echo $cat3;                     //褐眼睛,蓝毛，重10斤
echo $cat4;                     //褐眼睛,蓝毛，重16斤

//用序列号和反序列化可以实现深复制，变成两个不相互干扰的对象
$cat5 = new Cat(new Eye('黑'), new Hair('蓝'), 10);
echo $cat5;                     //黑眼睛,蓝毛，重10斤
$catstr = serialize($cat5);
$cat6 = unserialize($catstr);
$cat6->hair->color = '白';
$cat5->weight = 12;
echo $cat5;                     //黑眼睛,蓝毛，重12斤
echo $cat6;                     //黑眼睛,白毛，重10斤